摘 要:汽车桥壳是汽车的主要承载构件之一，国内外的桥壳制造方法主要是铸造、冲压焊接、液压胀形。铸造件有刚性好、强度高、塑性变形小、壁厚分布好等优点,但质量大、费材耗能、生产不环保而且工艺不易控制；冲压焊接虽然较铸造桥壳具有重量较轻、制造成本较低等优势，但其制造工艺过程繁琐、焊接工作量大、污染环境且易发生漏油、断裂的现象。管材液压胀形技术由于具有简化制造工艺、减轻制件质量、提高制件刚度等优点，已经广泛用于航空、航天和汽车等领域。
液压机专用辅助机械手是异型管材成形工艺过程的关键装置之一。本次的设计是在给定的任务书下，查阅课题的相关文献，确定液压机辅助专用机械手工作原理和总体结构。再结合所学液压和机械方面相关知识，合理的进行管件成形工艺整体方案、液压机辅助专用机械手选型、主要零部件设计和机械手主要参数的计算。最后完成液压机辅助专用机械手的设计，绘出机械手总设计图、零部件图整个机械手装置的装配图，并利用Solidworks2011三维建模软件三维建模，有限元分析。
本次设计的机械手的机械结构由三个液压缸组成，伸缩缸和升降缸都采用双作用单杆活塞缸，作用缸采用单作用双杆活塞缸。其液压系统采用单向控制阀控制的顺序动作回路。
关键词：液压缸 机械手 胀形技术
ABSTRACT:Automobile axle housing is one of the car's main carrier member, method of manufacturing axle housing in abroad is mainly casting, stamping, welding, hydraulic bulging. Casting has good rigidity, high strength, small plastic deformation, uniform wall thickness distribution, etc., but the quality is great, the production process is not environmentally friendly and easy to control; stamping and welding although more cast axle with a lighter, manufacturing and low cost advantages, but its manufacturing process cumbersome, welding capacity, environmental pollution and prone to leak, rupture phenomenon. Because tube hydroforming technology has such advantages simplified the manufacturing process, reducing the quality of parts and improve workpiece stiffness, etc., tube hydroforming technology have been widely used in aviation, aerospace and automotive fields.
Auxiliary manipulator used in hydraulic machine is the key device of the shaped pipe forming process, its quality performance directly affects the normal operation of process and production continuously. The design based on the mission statement, look up topics relevant literature, determine working principle and overall structure. Combining the knowledge of hydraulic and mechanical aspects, reasonable designing program of tube forming process, designing main components and calculating the main parameters manipulator. After designing the auxiliary manipulator , draw robotic total design, parts diagram whole manipulator device assembly drawings and modeling by Solidworks2011, finite element analysis.
The design of the robot's mechanical structure consists of three components of hydraulic cylinders, telescopic cylinders and lift cylinders are double acting single rod piston cylinder, single acting double acting cylinder piston rod cylinder. Its hydraulic system uses the order of one-way control valve action loop.
Keywords: hydraulic cylinder manipulator bulging technology
