摘要:在全球呼吁保护环境、节能减排的大背景下，以美国为代表的发达国家提出对高耗能产品征收一定额度的碳排放税，以环境保护为名，行贸易保护之实。碳关税在未来有可能成为又一道发达国家压制发展中国家的贸易壁垒。钢铁产业是我国重要的出口产业之一，也是资源密集型产业，能源、水资源、矿石资源消耗量大，是产生二氧化碳排放的主要源头之一。我国作为第一钢铁大国，粗钢产量世界第一，是二氧化碳排放大户。本文试图分析的问题是，目前我国钢铁产业的碳排放水平，并以中美钢铁贸易为例分析碳关税对中国钢铁产品出口贸易可能造成的影响，继而针对性地提出建议。
本文根据IPCC的通用方法计算了2005-2010年我国钢铁产业二氧化碳排放量，对二氧化碳排放量进行了量化的比较分析，得出的结论是钢铁产业二氧化碳排放量一直呈下降趋势，说明我国钢铁产业节能减排取得了不错的进展，为世界范围内的二氧化碳减排做出了一定的贡献。一旦碳税正式开征，我国的钢铁对外贸易将会遭受出口成本上涨，竞争力下降，出口规模缩小，总额减少，贸易摩擦增多等一系列连环影响。文章从三个方面提出对策，一是钢铁企业应积极促进产业转型升级；二是政府方面应完善立法，征收碳税；三是加强国际交流合作，积极参与碳关税的制定，向发达国家汲取节能减排的经验。
关键词：碳关税；钢铁产业；IPCC
Abstract:Under the background of environmental protection and energy saving and emission reduction，represented by the developed countries like USA put forward a certain amount of carbon tax to protect their own domestic trade. Carbon tariffs in the future could become another trade barriers between developed countries and developing countries. Iron and steel industry is one of the important export industry in China, which is the energy,water resources and mineral resource intensive sector and is also a major source of carbon dioxide emissions, therefore energy and climate change are particularly high on the sustainability agenda of the iron and steel industry. The yield of Chinese iron and steel industry has been NO.1 in the world, at the same time, Chinese iron and steel industry has consumed a great deal of fossil fuels and discharged large amounts of greenhouse gas. This paper tries to analyze the amount of China's steel industry carbon emissions and the influence of carbon tariff to China’s carbon products export and gives some advice.
According to the Reference manual of IPCC,we calculate the CO2 emissions of Chinese iron and steel industry in 2005-2010 and do associated analysis about emissions, strength, structure, situation and status of the country’s total CO2 emissions. The conclusion is that iron and steel industry has been declining carbon emissions. This means that China’s energy conservation and emission reduction of iron and steel industry is in good progress, and China has made a certain contribution to the carbon dioxide emission reduction . Once the carbon tax were official, China's iron and steel trade will suffer from exports rising costs, declining competitiveness, export scale narrowed, total reduction, increased trade friction and so on a series of repercussions. The article puts forward countermeasures from three aspects, one is the iron and steel enterprises should actively promote transformation and upgrading of industry, and second, the government should perfect the legislation, a carbon tax, to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, and actively participate in the development of carbon tariffs. Finally, Chinese should learn experience of energy saving and emission reduction from developed countries.
Keywords: Carbon tariff ; Iron and steel industry; IPCC
