摘要:小学生课业负担是指小学生在学习的过程中，由课业目标、课业所承担的任务造成的压力感受。多年以来，小学生课业负担过重一直是小学教育中的诟病。小学教育是中学教育的基础，为了要考取好的初中高中，不输在起跑线上，在适当的课业负担上又多出了许多不必要的课业负担。由于课业负担的加重，使得小学生不能快乐地成长，无论身心都收到影响，进而引发一系列的后续问题，因此，针对这个问题教育部曾颁发了一系列的教育文件“减负”。而在新课改与素质教育改革的背景下，小学生课业负担过重的状况依然存在，不得不引起重视。
本研究正是围绕小学生课业负担问题做了一系列的相关研究，由调查数据可知，南京市江宁区的四所小学的学生课业负担压力程度中等偏高，各学科难度也存在着差异。这个状况存在的原因是多方面的：传统教育观念以考试分数至上；传统教育评价体系多年来没有革新，对学校与教师评价方式没有与时俱进；部分教师综合素质低下，这些都是学生课业负担过重的直接原因。如何让小学生的课业负担更加合理、更有“含金量”，还小学生一个快乐充实的童年？本文拟从改进教育观念，革新教育评价体系，提升教师的综合素质三个角度来找出解决问题的方法，尝试为提高小学生课业负担质量、合理小学生的课业负担提出一些建议。
关键词 小学生；课业负担；调查；对策
Abstract:Students schoolwork burden refers to students in the learning process, stress borne by the academic goals, academic task brings. Over the years, students overloaded schoolwork has been criticized in primary school education. Primary school education is the foundation of middle school education, in order to obtain a good junior high school, do not lose at the starting line, in the appropriate academic burden and more unnecessary burden. Due to aggravate the burden, so that the pupils can't grow up happily, both physical and mental are affected, causing a series of follow-up questions, therefore, to solve this problem, the Ministry of education has issued a series of documents "education burden". In quality education and reform of the new curriculum reform background, status of primary school students overloaded schoolwork still exist, have to pay attention to.
This study is to do a series of related research on primary school students schoolwork burden problem, by the survey data shows, four primary school in Nanjing District of Jiangning City, the student schoolwork burden pressure medium high degree, each subject is also exist differences. Reasons for this situation there are many: the traditional concepts of education to score first; the traditional education evaluation system for many years, no innovation, no time for school and teacher evaluation mode; low teachers' comprehensive quality, which is the direct cause of the student schoolwork burden overweight. How to let students schoolwork burden is more reasonable, more "gold content", but also students a healthy and happy childhood? This paper from the improvement of the education idea, reform education evaluation system, improve the overall quality of teachers in three aspects to find solutions to problems, try to improve the quality of primary school students schoolwork burden, reasonable burden and puts forward some suggestions of pupils.
Keywords Primary school students burden investigation countermeasure
对于小学生课业负担的研究有利于教育研究者更好的评估当前教学标准给小学生带来的课业负担状况。课程标准、教学内容的改革效果是怎样的？对于小学生课业负担的研究可以为评估近期改革给学生带来的课业负担变化，对改革效果进行评估，为制定新的课程标准、教学内容提供参考资料与依据。
对于小学生课业负担的研究有利于教师对于当前的教学效果进行评价。教学效果的评价不应该仅仅只来源于学生的应试成绩，更应该关注到学生的全面发展。
对于小学生课业负担的研究也为其他教育工作者提供研究参考。为了避免重复不必要的研究活动，此次研究也参考了许多学者提供的资料、文献。同时，笔者也希望此次研究能为其他教育工作研究的学者提供一些参考的资料。
对小学生课业负担的研究还有利于强调学生在课业负担中的主体地位。古往今来，教师一直占据着教学过程中的主体位置，霸占着课堂的主体地位。而如今，越来越多的学者在以人为本的思想中发掘出教育事业的服务对象应该是学生，所以学生应当在教学过程中占主体位置。同时，课业负担最直接感受到的主体是小学生。我们应当将对基础教育评价从应试成绩转变到小学生本身。
