Abstract：Metaphor is a good way for human beings to appreciate the world around us. Contemporary linguists believe that metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a conceptual system which exists everywhere. The conceptual metaphor is to use the concrete and familiar concept to describe the abstract and unknown things so that people can understand the abstract things which don’t have a clear structure. The focus of the conceptual metaphor is to study the normal and conventional model, namely the conventional metaphors, which reveal the human beings’ cognitive law.
As the most familiar part, the human body inevitably plays an important role in helping people describe some abstract things and understand other unfamiliar concepts. People have done a lot of researches about human bodies such as hand, eye, face, etc. But, “back” has been overlooked by many people. So the paper will discuss the metaphors of “back”, as a supplement to the conventional research. It is divided into four chapters. Chapter One introduces the background and significance of this research. The second chapter is the literature review, briefing the study at home and abroad concerned with this research, as well as the definition of the metaphor, and the classification of the conventional metaphor. The third chapter uses the “back” as an example, so as to analyze the characteristics of the conventional metaphor. Finally, the conclusion is presented, in which we can have a good understanding of the metaphors related to the human body and make a supplement to the research of metaphors.
Key words: conventional metaphor body metaphor “back”
摘要：隐喻普遍存在，是人类了解周围世界的一种认知方式。当代语言学家认为，隐喻不仅仅是一种语言现象，更是人类普遍的一种概念体系。概念隐喻就是将具体的、熟悉的始源域概念映射到抽象的、陌生的目标语概念上，以理解抽象的、内在结构欠清晰的事物。概念隐喻主要研究概念中一般的、常规的模式，即常规隐喻，从而揭示人类的一般认知规律。
人类最熟悉的事物莫过于自己的身体结构，因而人们不可避免地会将对人体的认知结构映射到对其他物体和事物等概念的认知理解上。在人体各个部位的隐喻研究中，背部经常被忽视。本文根据隐喻概念理论，以身体部位词“背（back）”为例，探讨身体部位词的常规隐喻，旨在对常规隐喻的研究作以补充。本文共分为四部分：第一部分介绍了研究背景及意义；第二部分是文献综述，分析研究了国内外的研究成果，并对隐喻的定义及分类进行了研究；第三部分以“背（back）”为例，进一步探析常规隐喻的特征；第四部分是论文总结。通过以上分析从而加深人们对身体部位词常规隐喻的进一步了解，对人们进行隐喻现象的探究也是一种有益的补充。
关键词：常规隐喻；身体隐喻；“背”
