摘 要:钢铁具有强度高、韧性好、易加工和焊接等特性，所以它是一种优良的结构材料也是用途最广泛的金属材料，人类使用的金属中，钢铁占90％以上。此外，由于铁矿石贮藏丰富，便于冶炼和加工，可以进行大规模工业化生产，因此钢铁一直是经济建设、社会发展的重要物质基础，成为了国民经济的支柱产业，是国民经济中的主导产业。钢铁产量往往是衡量一个国家工业化水平和生产能力的重要标志，钢铁质量和品种对国民经济的其他工业部门产品的质量都有着极大的影响。我国虽然是一个钢铁大国，但并不是一个钢铁强国，因此我们在修建钢铁厂的同时要加大高新技术的投入，改进现有的设备和技术。
随着制氧技术的发展及炼钢的需要，现在已普遍使用氧气顶吹转炉（也有侧吹转炉）。这种转炉的氧化剂是高压工业纯氧，反应更为剧烈，能进一步提高生产效率和钢的质量。其优点有：吹炼速度快、生产率高；品种多、质量好；原材料消耗少、热效率高、成本低；基建投资省、建设速度快；氧气顶吹转炉容易与连续铸钢相匹配等等。因此要提高原材料使用率，降低能耗，减少污染，高效生产高质量钢材转炉炼钢是势在必行，与此同时对转炉炼钢车间的科学合理布置及科学的设计也是非常重要的。
关键词：钢铁 转炉炼钢 氧气顶底复吹转炉 设计
ABSTRACT:Steel with high strength, good toughness, easy processing and welding and other features, so it is an excellent structural material is the most versatile materials, human use of metals, iron and steel accounted for 90% or more. In addition, storage of iron ore rich, easy to smelting and processing, can be a large-scale industrial production, so the steel has been the economic and social development, an important material foundation, has become a pillar industry of national economy, is the leading industry in national economy. Steel production is often the measure of a country's industrialization level and an important indicator of productivity, quality and variety of steel and other industrial sectors to the national economy the quality of products has a great impact. Although China is a steel big country, but not a steel power country, so we build steel plant in the same time to increase investment in high technology to improve existing equipment and technology.
With the oxygen steelmaking technology development and the need is now widely used BOF (and there are also side-blown converter.).This converter is a high-pressure industrial pure oxygen as oxidant, the reaction is more violent, can further improve production efficiency and quality of steel. Its advantages are: blowing speed, high productivity; variety, good quality; raw materials consumption, thermal efficiency, low cost; infrastructure investment, building speed; BOF easy to match with the continuous casting and so on. Therefore, to improve the utilization of raw materials, reduce energy consumption, reduce pollution, and efficient production of high quality steel, steelmaking is imperative, while BOF workshop on scientific and rational and scientific layout design is also very important.
Keywords: Steel Converter steel-making Top and bottom blowing oxygen converter Design
