摘要:本研究采用《创业意向调查问卷》、《简化版“大五”人格问卷》和《成就需要问卷》对178名来自南京四所高校的大学生（平均年龄=20.97，SD=1.36）进行了“大五”人格和成就动机对其创业倾向性影响的问卷调查。研究结果表明：1）大学生创业倾向性的成就导向维度存在男女性别差异，创业倾向的成就导向和责任感维度在专业上存在显著差异。2）大学生人格的神经质、开放性、尽责性、宜人性与自我尊重存在显著负相关；外向性、开放性及尽责性均与创新导向、成就导向、责任感存在显著正相关。总体来说，高外向性、宜人性、尽责性、开放性的个体其创业倾向性也较高。大学生追求成功的成就需要与创业倾向的创新导向、成就导向和责任感存在显著正相关，而失败恐惧的成就需要与自我尊重存在显著负相关。3）在控制了性别、专业和生源地等人口学变量之后，人格能够显著预测创业倾向。4）在控制了性别、专业和生源地等人口学变量以及人格之后，大学生的成就需要对其创业倾向性仍然具有显著的额外贡献。
关键词：创业倾向性 “大五”人格 成就动机 成就需要 中国大学生
Abstract:The study examined 178 university students’ Big Five personality traits, achievement motives, entrepreneurial intention, as well as the prediction of entrepreneurial intention from personality and achievement motives. These students were from four universities in Nanjing, China, whose average age was 20.97 year and SD was 1.36. Three questionnaires were adopted. These are the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the NEO-FFI-3, and the Achievement Motives Scale. Research results showed that: 1) gender differences existed on the achievement orientation dimensions of entrepreneurial intention; major differences existed on the achievement orientation and the responsibility dimensions of the entrepreneurial intention. 2) Neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were significantly negatively related to self-respecting; extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness were significantly positively correlated with innovation orientation and achievement orientation, responsibility. In general, high levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were related to the high level of entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, students’ need for achievement was significantly positively correlated with innovation orientation, achievement orientation, and responsibility. The fear of failure was significantly negatively correlated with self-respecting. 3) After demographic variables, including gender, major, and birth place being controlled, personality significantly predicted entrepreneurial intention. 4) With the control of the demographic variables and personality, students’ achievement motives had an extra contribution to their entrepreneurial intention.
Keywords: entrepreneurial intention the Big Five personality traits achievement motivation achievement motives university students
