摘要:合同是一种法律行为，它与当事人的法律权益和社会交易安全密切相关。现代社会的发展促进了人们之间的法律行为不断增多，订立合同的数量也在逐年递增，这些方便了人们之间的交往，促进了经济的发展，但同时合同的复杂性与虚假性也与日俱增，重大误解合同给当事人造成损害的可能性也随之大增。
合同法中的“重大误解”制度是一项保护合同双方当事人权益，维护交易安全的制度，虽然《合同法》及各司法解释中有涉及“重大误解”的相关条文，但对于其涵义和构成要件却缺乏合理的规定。因此完善合同法中的“重大误解”制度具有重要意义。
关键词：重大误解；合同；涵义；构成要件
Abstract:The contract is a kind of legal actions, which is closely related to people’s legal rights and the security of social transactions. The development of modern society has increased both the number of contracts and the legal behaviors between people year by year, which are facilitating the communication between people and promoting the economic development. While the Contracts have become increasingly complex and false and the possibility of damage to people caused by gross misunderstanding in the contract will be greatly increased.
The “gross misunderstanding” of the contract is a system to protect the contract rights of the parties and maintain the transaction security. Although the Contract Law and the judicial interpretations have mentioned the relevant provisions of the Significant Misunderstanding Contract, there is a lack of a clear definition for what is Significant Misunderstanding Contract. Therefore, it is of great significance to consummate the gross misunderstanding in the Contract Law.
Key words：gross misunderstanding；contract；definition；constitutive requirement
意思表示是民事法律行为不可或缺的构成要素，是表意人将其内心意欲实现的一定法律效果的意思表示于外部的行为。合同行为作为民事法律行为重要的组成部分，因此，合同关系中当事人的意思表示亦是合同行为不可或缺的构成要素，是合同当事人将其内心想要实现的合同法律效果表现于外部的行为，它反映当事人的诉求，代表了当事人的利益。然而，在现实生活中，合同当事人的外部行为往往因社会上的各种因素而造成与其内心意思相违背的情形，存在“重大误解”是其中的一种原因，因“重大误解”订立的合同造成的影响，很显然违反了当事人之间订立合同的初衷，损害合同当事人的利益。
