摘要:纵观全球经济的发展，能源问题已成为新时期制约经济发展的核心问题，寻求新型可替代能源减少对矿物燃料的依赖成为全球共同的议题。而太阳能清洁、安全、廉价、储量客观能够保证人类未来的能量需求，将成为未来世界能源的主体。人类对太阳能源的技术探究推动了太阳能光伏发电技术的发展，这一技术普遍得到各国政府的重视和支持。
目前，我国光伏产业主要是指太阳能光伏电池产业。自上世纪起我国光伏产业进入快速发展的阶段，至今光伏电池产量位居世界首位。我国的太阳能电池是以出口为导向的产品，90%依赖国际市场。紧靠外需拉动，面临着很大的国际经济波动和贸易壁垒等风险。于是，2011年以来金融危机、欧债危机及美欧先后的“双反”贸易诉讼使我国光伏产业陷入内忧外患的境地，2013年3月20日无锡尚德曾经优秀的光伏产业企业遭遇破产清算更突显我国光伏行业存在的问题。
在此背景下，本文首先介绍了国内及国外的光伏产业的发展现状，用贸易竞争力指数分析我国光伏产品的国际竞争力，然后从国际市场和国内市场两方面宏观深入分析我国光伏产业发展存在的典型的障碍性问题，得出目前中国光伏产业遇到的困境既有国际光伏市场不景气的因素，更多的原因是本土光伏产业没有核心技术，产业链不健全，新技术储备不足，政策扶持不完善。最后针对这些问题并结合无锡尚德太阳能破产重整的教训给出我国光伏产业应对国际形势变化的可持续发展的对策，以全球市场为背景，国内市场为基础，巩固欧美市场的同时积极开拓海外新兴市场，加大政策扶持，增加核心技术的投入，建立健全对付贸易保护的体系机制，促使光伏产业转型实现中国光伏产品在国际市场上立足的目标.
关键词：光伏产业；产业发展；国际竞争力
ABSTRACT:Throughout the development of global economy, energy problem has become the core issue of restricting the economic development in the new period, looking for new alternative energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels has become a global common issue. Clean, safe, cheap, and solar energy reserves of the objective to ensure human energy needs in the future will become the body of the world's energy future. Human exploration of solar energy technology promoted the development of solar photovoltaic power generation technology, the technology generally get the attention and support of the governments .
At present, China's photovoltaic industry mainly refers to solar photovoltaic battery industry. Since last century, our country entered the stage of rapid development of photovoltaic industry, photovoltaic cell production in the world today. Our solar cell is an export-oriented products, 90% dependent on the international market. Close to external demand pull, faced with a lot of international economic fluctuations and risk of trade barriers and so on.so, since the 2011 financial crisis, the debt crisis in Europe and the USA and Europe has "double reverse" trade litigation left our PV industry in the problems we face at home and abroad.on March 20, 2013 Wu xi sun tech has outstanding photovoltaic industry enterprises in bankruptcy liquidation more highlight problem of photovoltaic industry in our country.
In this background, this article first introduces the domestic and foreign photovoltaic industry development present situation, with the trade competitiveness index, analysis of international competitiveness of China's photovoltaic products, and then from the two aspects of the international market and domestic market macro analysis typical accessibility problems existing in the photovoltaic industry development in our country, concluded that the troubles of China PV industry factors of both the international PV market woes, more reason is no domestic photovoltaic industry core technology, imperfect industry chain, new technology reserve shortage, policy support is not perfect. Finally aimed at these problems and combining with sun tech bankruptcy reorganization of lessons given China's photovoltaic industry respond to the changes in international situation, the countermeasures for the sustainable development of its background of the global market and domestic market as the foundation, to consolidate the European and American markets at the same time, actively explore overseas emerging markets to increase policy support and increase the core technology of investment, establishing and perfecting the system mechanism against trade protection, leads to the transformation of the photovoltaic industry to realize China's photovoltaic products in the international market based on the target.
Keywords: Photovoltaic Industry; industry development; international competitiveness
