摘 要:20世纪80年代以来，中国逐步扩大对外开放的程度，利用外资的水平逐年上升。我国利用外资以FDI为主，其中以“三资企业”（合作、合资、独资经营企业）为主。从我国利用外商直接投资的发展过程来看，外商在我国投资方式在不断发生变化，由以合资、合作为主向独资为主转变，独资化的快速发展，给我国经济造成一定的影响。外商独资化一方面增加了国内的就业，促进了国内资金积累，促进了中国经济的国际化；另一方面，独资企业常常利用我国现有的网络和销售渠道来发展其产品市场和品牌，并凭借其充裕的资金、发达的技术、优质的服务和成熟的经营理念，树立了很好的品牌形象和企业形象，使它们在与我国国内品牌的竞争中处于领先地位，造成了外资企业抢占国内企业的市场份额，容易造成行业垄断，制约民族产业的发展。
本论文通过分析中国改革开放以来各个阶段外商对华直接投资方式状况、变化，分析其转变的原因及发展趋势，以及对我国经济的影响，并提出相应的应对措施。
关键词：外商直接投资；独资化；动因；影响；措施
ABSTRACT:Since the 1980s, China is gradually expanding the degree of opening up to the outside world, and the level of utilization of foreign capital is increasing year by year. China's utilization of foreign capital is given priority to foreign direct investment, which mainly includes Contractual Joint Ventures, Equity Joint Ventures and wholly foreign owned. From the perspective of the developing process of utilized foreign direct investment in China, foreign investment in China is changing constantly, transferring from Contractual Joint Ventures, Equity Joint Ventures to Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises. The rapid development of WFOE causes certain effect to our economy. Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises, on the one hand, increase the domestic employment, promote the accumulation of domestic capital, and accelerate the internationalization of Chinese economy; Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises, on the other hand, often make use of existing network and sales channels in China to develop their product market and brands, and with their abundant capital, advanced technology, excellent service and mature business philosophy, they have established good brand image and corporate image, making them in a leading position when compared with the domestic brands in China, causing the foreign capital enterprise preempted the market share of domestic company. It’s easy to give rise to monopolic industry, which may restrict the development of national industry.
This paper analyses the phases of foreign direct investment changing since China's reform and opening up, find the reasons for the shift and the influence on our country's economy. In the end the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures to cope with the trend.
Keywords: FDI; WFOE; motivation; impact; measures
