摘 要:个人信贷业务是商业银行的一项重要的资产业务，在我国个人信贷的规模快速增长，占商业银行信贷总额的比重也不断上升，到2012年末，已经占到国内信贷总额的24%。个人住房贷款更是成为银行一项十分重要的利润来源。对统计数据感到欣喜的同时，我们也应该认识到不断攀升的个人信贷余额也埋下了不容忽视的隐患。美国次贷危机的扩大，其影响持续至今，这为我国的个贷市场参与各方敲响了警钟。反观我国，飙升的房价促使房贷总量快速增长，风险因素正在积聚。个人信用卡市场也存在着一定的竞争乱像。为了我国金融市场的稳定，对个人贷款风险的研究意义重大。而国外成熟市场的先进经验对本课题的研究有丰富的借鉴意义，为研究提供了方便。在具体内容方面，本文对个人信贷含义、类型、成因及其特征等做出了介绍，而后分析了我国个人信贷市场的现状。并指出目前在个人信贷风险管理中存在的几个薄弱点。最后本文认为，在目前的背景下，政府及监管部门应使经济运行保持平稳，并密切关注银行个人贷款市场的变化，警惕风险集中爆发。银行应该加强自身建设，对贷款者而言则应避免各类原因的违约发生。
关键词：个人信贷；风险管理；逆向选择；个人征信系统
Abstract:Individual Loan is an important asset business of commercial banks. The scale of China's personal credit grows rapidly. Accounting for the proportion of total commercial bank credit has been increasing, and by the end of 2012, has accounted for 24% of the total domestic credit. Individual housing loans has become a very important source of profit for banks. Statistics are delighted at the same time, we should also recognize that rising consumer credit balance also planted the hidden dangers those can not be ignored. The expansion of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis, whose impact continues to this day, is a wake-up call for the country's credit market parties involved. On the other hand, China, soaring house prices prompted the rapid growth of the total mortgage, is the accumulation of risk factors. There are also certain competitive chaoses in the personal credit card market. For the stability of financial markets in China, there is major significance to study the risk of personal loans. The advanced experience of foreign mature markets on the subject has a wealth of reference for the study, which provides convenience. In terms of the content, this paper make a detailed introduction of personal credit meaning, types, causes and characteristics, then analyzes the status quo of China's consumer credit market. And which pointed out that a few weak points in the personal credit risk management. Finally, we believe that in the current context, the government and regulatory authorities should run the economy remained stable, and pay close attention to changes in the personal bank loan market to guard against the risk of concentration of the outbreak. Banks should strengthen their own building, lenders should avoid all kinds of reasons for the breach of contract occurred.
Keywords: Individual Loan; Risk Management; Adverse selection; personal credit information system
