摘要：采用正交试验设计方法，对南瓜实蝇成虫人工饲料组成成分C源(葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖)、N源(酵母膏和蛋白胨、牛肉膏和蛋白胨、酵母膏和牛肉膏)、维生素(维生素C、维生素B1和复合维生素B)3种因素3个水平进行优化筛选，以南瓜实蝇的孵化率和雌虫的单雌平均产卵量为主要指标以及羽化率、化蛹率和雌雄成虫寿命这4个为参考指标，筛选出南瓜实蝇不同组成成分成虫人工饲料的最优配方为配方4(蔗糖、蛋白胨、酵母膏和维生素B1)。配方4得到的单雌平均产卵量在三个世代中均最高，分别为(498.33±15.45)粒、(475.00±12.29)粒和(416.67±16.51)粒。三个世代中配方4的孵化率仅次于最高的配方9，依次为(50.67±1.20)%、(43.00±1.16)%和(44.00±1.73)%，配方9的孵化率依次为(60.67±1.20)%、(62.33±1.20)%和(61.00±1.53)%。第一代中配方1的羽化率最高为(78.00±1.16)%，第二代中配方1羽化率最高为(78.00±1.73)%，第三代中配方4的羽化率最高为(76.33±0.88)%。配方1在三个世代中化蛹率最高，三个世代依次为(90.00±1.16)%、(91.67±1.76)%和(91.67±2.33)%。配方1的雌虫寿命在第一代和第二代中最高依次为(106.00±1.45)d和(100.67±2.19)d，第三代中配方4的雌虫寿命最高为(102.00±1.53)d。配方1的雄虫寿命在第一代和第二代中最高依次为(113.67±0.88)d和(113.67±0.88)d，第三代中配方4的雄虫寿命最高为(110.33±0.88)d。并利用正交试验设计方法对南瓜实蝇成虫人工饲料四种主要组成成分蔗糖、酵母膏、蛋白胨、抗坏血酸和防腐剂在不同量组合下进行优化筛选，以南瓜实蝇幼虫的存活率和雌虫的单雌平均产卵量为主要监测指标以及化蛹率、羽化率和蛹重3个参考指标，筛选出南瓜实蝇相同配方下不同量成虫人工饲料的最佳配方为配方6(蔗糖=80.0g；酵母粉=40.0g；蛋白胨=10.0g和抗坏血酸+山梨酸=5.0g)。此配方得到的化蛹率为(90.00±2.31)%、羽化率为(76.00±1.73)%、幼虫存活率为(94.33±1.76)%和单雌平均产卵量为(496.00±12.74)粒，蛹重为(12.67±0.04)mg。
关键词：南瓜实蝇；成虫；人工饲料；正交试验设计
ABSTRACT：The composition of artificial diet for larvae of Bactrocera tau (Walker) was optimized by orthogonal design with 3 factors and 3 levels. C source (glucose, sucrose and maltose), N source (yeast extract and peptone and beef extract and peptone, yeast extract and beef extract) and vitamins (Vc, VB1, and vitamin B complex) three factors three levels to optimize selection, with Bactrocera tau (Walker) hatchability and single female worm spawning peak average spawning quantity as the main index and emergence rate, pupation rate, male and female adult life these four as reference indicators, select Bactrocera tau (Walker) different optimal composition adult artificial feed formula to deal with 4 (sucrose, peptone, yeast extract and VB1). Formula 4 get single females average spawning were the highest in the three generations, list female average amount of peak laying eggs was (498.33±15.45)grain, (475.00±12.29)grain and (416.67±16.51)grain. Three generations in the formula 4 of the hatching rate second only to the highest formula 9, followed by (50.67±1.20)%, (43.00±1.16)% and (44.00±1.73)%, formula of 9 hatching rate was (60.67±1.20)%, (62.33±1.20)% and (61.00±1.53)%. Formula 1 in the first generation of adult emergence rate (78.00±1.16)%, Second generation in the formula 1 of adult emergence rate (78.00±1.73) %, the third generation of formula 4 of adult emergence rate (76.33±0.88)%. Formula 1 and formula 4 of pupation rate had no significant differences in the three generations, formula 1 of pupation rate highest in three generations, three generations in the order of (90.00±1.16)%, (91.67±1.76)% and (91.67±2.33)%. Formula 1 female life in the first and second generation of the highest was (106.00±1.45)d and (100.67±2.19)d, the third generation of the formula 4 female insect life is the highest was (102.00±1.53)d. Formula 1 male life expectancy of the highest in the first and second generation of (113.67±0.88)d and (113.67±0.88)d, the third generation of the formula 4 of the male life times for (110.33±0.88)d. And by using the orthogonal experiment design method for Bactrocera tau (Walker) artificial feed four main components of sucrose, yeast extract, peptone, ascorbic acid and the preservative under the different amount of combination optimization selection, with Bactrocera tau (Walker) larvae survival rate and average spawning peak of single female insect laying eggs as the main monitoring indicators of pupation rate and emergence rate, pupa weight these three reference indicators, select Bactrocera tau (Walker) the same formulation under different quantity of adult best artificial feed formula to deal with 6 (sucrose=80.0g; yeast powder=40.0g; peptone=10.0g; ascorbic acid and sorbic acid=5.0g). This formula of pupation rate (90.00±2.31)%, emergence rate (76.00±1.73)%, larval survival rate (94.33±1.76)% and egg production per female during peak laying eggs was (496.00±12.74)grain, pupa weight was (12.67±0.04)mg.
Key words: Bactrocera tau (Walker); adult; artificial diet; orthogonal design
