[摘要]柳永是北宋中叶的著名词人，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一。他的主要贡献，在于创制新声，发展了慢词，结束了晚唐五代以来小令占据词坛统治地位的局面。他的词精于铺叙，惯于白描，常常吸取"明白而家常"的通俗语言描绘难状之景，抒写难达之情，既自然纯朴，又音律和谐。柳永的雅俗词创作与他的市井文化品格与正统儒家意识的畸形结合密切相关。柳永的俗词是其市井文化品格的体现，他的雅词则受到正统儒家意识的影响。柳永的词，兼有俗词和雅词的双重特征，形成了独特的艺术特色。
[关键词]柳永词； 俗与雅; 市井文化; 儒家思想
[Abstract]Liu Yong is well-known mid-Northern Song Dynasty poet, graceful to send one of the most representative figure. His main contribution is to create a new sound, the development of the slow words, since the end of the Tang Dynasty poety occupy the dominant position poety situation. His poety skilled narration, used to line drawing, often learned from the “plain and homely,” the plain language of the King-like paint is difficult, and describe the difficulties of the situation, both the natural simplicity, harmony and melody. Elegance and vulgar about Liu yong poety is related to pop culture and confucianism. Liu Yong's vulgar poety represent his pop culture,his elegance poety is affected by the confucianism . Liu Yong's poety has vulgar and elegance of both the dual characteristics, forming a unique artistic features.
[Key words]Liuyong poety； vulgar and elegance； pop culture； confucianism
柳永是宋代词坛的特殊人物,作为深受儒家文化涵养的文人,却表现出浓重的市井色彩。柳永历经太宗、真宗、仁宗三朝。此时国泰民安,都市日趋繁荣。他到汴京备考,出入于烟花巷陌,勾栏瓦舍, 享受繁华的城市经济以及醇酒妇人带来的极度快感。市井文化的渗透使得“他的人格类型比较接近于商业经济所孵化出的市民阶层的人格”。柳永词以审美眼光描绘市井的人生感受,表现了都市的奢靡绮丽以及恣意狂欢的生活。虽然古代文学史上对柳词贬多褒少, 但其俗词以人道主义展示社会下层歌妓舞女的痛苦生活和们的真情实感; 其雅词客观地反映了北宋社会经济繁荣, 都市兴旺的生活面貌, 融游子飘泊之感与失意文人忧伤情怀于博大深远的景物之中。因此, 评价柳词应依据其曲折坎坷的人生经历, 从整体上把握柳词俗与雅的两个方面, 看到他以俗为美、雅俗共济的审美特质和对后世文人词的深远影响, 充分肯定其在文学史上的地位。
