摘要:随着计算机网络技术和自动化技术的发展，楼宇智能建筑系统应运而生。门禁系统在楼宇智能自动化系统中是一个重要环节，它对出入楼宇进行控制，并能和闭路电视系统组成联动的控制系统。
门禁系统主要分为大门口主机和室内用户机两大部分，本文研究的主要内容是在了解门禁整个系统的工作原理及功能前提下，设计室外机。它以单片机AT89C52为核心，配以刷卡模块（CY125K），液晶显示模块（LCD1602），键盘模块和通信模块（MAX232）以及电源模块设计开发了一个非接触式IC卡门禁系统。本文采用Protel99se进行原理图的绘制，并用C语言编制调试程序对硬件电路进行了调试。本系统可以实现房主刷卡或通过键盘输入密码进入；访客通过键盘输入房间号，房主经室内机确认对方身份后开门；单元门的控制机与控制室的主机通讯等功能。
用单片机控制让单元门变得智能化．通过刷卡和密码输入开门，这给小区成员的生活带来了便利。来访问者通过呼叫的方法进入大楼，这不仅给来访者带来便利更减少了被访问者满楼跑的麻烦。单元门禁系统也是反映和适应了国际社会信息化和智能化的发展要求。而智能建筑中的门禁系统更具有对门户出入控制，保安防盗，报警等多种功能，有效地保护了住户的人身安全和财产安全。
关键词：智能建筑；门禁系统；单片机；非接触式IC卡
Abstract:With the developing of computer technology, network technology and automation technology, intelligent building and building automation systems came into being. Access control system is an important part of the intelligent building automation system. Access control system is a kind of system which controls the exports, together with CCTV system.
The access control system is mainly divided into two major host of the gate and indoor users machine, the main content of this research is in the works and functions under the premise of understanding of the entire access control system, design the outdoor unit.In this paper, its core is AT89C52 single chip machine (SCM), coupled with the power module, credit card module (CY125K), communication module (MAX232), liquid crystal display module (LCD1602) and the keyboard module. Firstly, using Protel99se draws schematic diagram, and using C language compiles program the hardware circuit.When the design is completed, homeowners can access by credit card, visitors enter the room number through the keyboard, and the owner can recognize the visitors by the audio module in each other so as to open the door after the operation. The communication between the unit door control parts and the host computer in control room and other functions are realized.
With single-chip microcomputer control let unit gate become intelligent. Through the credit and password input open the door, this to the members of the community life brought the convenience. To visitors to enter the building through the call method, which not only bring convenience to the visitors but also reduce the trouble of visitors running the tower. Unit entrance guard system is also reflected and adapt to the international community to the development of information and intelligence requirements. While the intelligent building access control systems with the portal access control, security alarm, alarm and other functions, effectively protecting the safety of the tenants and property safety.
Key words: intelligent building; Access Control System; single chip machine; Non-Contact IC
