摘要:随着世界能源的日趋匮乏和科学技术的飞速发展，加之人们对环境保护的需要，人们在努力寻找一种能替代石油、天然气等能源的可再生、环保、洁净的绿色能源。风能是当前最有发展前景的一种新型能源，它是取之不尽用之不竭的能源，还是一种洁净、无污染、可再生的绿色能源。
由于风能具有不稳定、能量密度低、可利用范围有限、随机性等特点，并且风力发电机组是复杂多变量非线性不确定系统，所以，有效的技术控制是安全高效运行的关键。而偏航系统就从水平轴风力发电机控制系统中脱颖而出。偏航系统可以分为被动迎风偏航和主动迎风偏航。被动偏航系统力矩由风力产生，下风向风力发电机组合安装尾舵的上风向风力力发电机组属于被动偏航。主动偏航系统应用液压机构或者电动机和齿轮机构来使风力发电机迎风，大型风力发电多采用主动偏航系统。由位于下风向的风向标发出的信号进行主动对风控制。本文设计跟踪风向的变化，驱动机舱围绕塔架中心线旋转，使风轮扫掠面与风向保持垂直。从而使机舱更加，平稳、精确地对风。
本文介绍了双馈风力发电机结构及工作原理和风力机的偏航控制机构、驱动机构的基础上，采用FX2NPLC步进顺序控制来对风力发电机自动偏航系统进行分析。系统根据风向、风速传感器采集的数据，采取逻辑控制主动对风，实现了对风过程可控。
关键词： 风能；双馈风力发电机组；偏航系统；风向标;驱动机构；PLC
ABSTRACT:Along with world energy day by day deficient and science and technology rapid development, adds the people to the environmental protection need, the people are seeking one kind to be able diligently to substitute energy renewably and so on petroleum, natural gas, the environmental protection, the pure green energy.The wind can be current most has the prospects for development one kind of new energy, it is the inexhaustible inexhaustible energy, one kind pure, does not have the pollution, the renewable green energy.
Because the wind can have, the energy density not not stably low, may use the scope limitedly, characteristics and so on randomness, and the wind power generation unit is the complex multivariable non-linearity indefinite system, therefore, the effective technical control is the safe highly effective movement key.But drifts off course the system on to fully expose talent from the horizontal axis wind-driven generator control system.The drift system may divide into passive drifts off course against the wind and against the wind drifts off course on own initiative.The passive drift system moment of force by the wind power production, gets down the wind direction wind-driven generator combination to install the tail vane on wind direction wind power strength power set to belong to the passive drift.The initiative drift system application hydraulic gear or the electric motor and the gear mechanism causes the wind-driven generator against the wind, the large-scale wind power generation uses the initiative drift system much. The signal which by is located leewardly to the windvane sends out to carry on the initiative windward control.This article designs the track wind direction the change, actuates the engine room to revolve tower middle line revolving, causes the wind wheel to sweep plunders the surface and the wind direction maintains is vertical.Thus causes the engine room, steady, precisely windward.
This article introduced the double-fed wind-driven generator structure and the principle of work and the anemometer yaw control organization, in the driving mechanism foundation, uses FX2NPLC to step-by-step the sequential control to carry on the analysis to the wind-driven generator automatic drift system.System data which according to the wind direction, the wind speed sensor gathers, adopts the logical control initiative windward, realized the windward process to be controllable.
Key word: Wind energy; Double-fed wind power generation unit; Drift system; Windvane; Driving mechanism; PLC
