摘要:21世纪世界的淡水资源越来越无法满足社会、工业的需求,全球进入了缺水的世纪。地球上的水资源是如何分布的,哪些水资源又是能够为我们所用的,而面临着缺水这一问题时,我们的解决办法有哪些。海水淡化就是解决该问题的一种方式,而如何利用海水产生淡水来供给给人们作为日常生活、社会发展所需,是全世界关注的热点。
就这一热点问题,本文从水资源的紧缺切入,对海水淡化技术作了一个全盘的简介,主要介绍了被研究的较多的海水淡化的几种方法,和这几种方法在实际中的运用以及今后的发展趋势。
随着工业化程度的不断加深,人类在过去几百年消耗了地球上大部分的化石燃料,这些化石燃料都是几千万年甚至是上亿年才形成的,短期内无法再次形成,因为人类也即将面临着能源危机,21世纪也将是一个能源缺乏的世纪。太阳能可以作为化石能源的替代能源之一为人类服务,那么如何收集太阳能,利用太阳能,而太阳能系统又是如何与海水淡化技术相结合起来进行海水淡化,为人类解决缺水问题的,这些都是本文所会介绍到得内容。
关键词:水资源;能源;海水淡化;太阳能
Abstract:During the 21st century, world's fresh water resources are becoming more and more unable to meet the social, industrial needs, the world will be the lack of water. On the earth, how is the distribution of water resources, and which of all the water on the earth that we can use. What’s the solution to the lack of water. Use seawater to supply fresh water is one of the solutions, but how to use seawater to supply fresh water to people as a daily life, social needs, is the world's attention.
This article cut from a shortage of water resources, then makes a comprehensive introduction to desalination technology and introduces several conventional methods of seawater desalinations. And use in practice and future trends.
With the deepening of industrialization, human beings consumed most of the fossil fuels on the planet in the past few years, these fossil fuels cost millions of years or even many millions of years to form. They can not be reformed on the short time, we will soon face the lack of energy too. The 21st century will also be a lack of energy. We can use solar energy as the alternative energy sources. How to collect solar energy, and how to use the solar energy, how to combine the solar energy with the seawater desalinations will be introduced in this article.
Key words: water resource; energy; seawater desalination ;solar energy
太阳能海水淡化技术在沙漠、海岛等交通不便的地区具有明显的优势。就几种太阳能淡化技术来讲,太阳能反渗透海水淡化与太阳能蒸馏海水淡化占地相当,而太阳能反渗透海水淡化电池和反渗透膜的使用寿命直接影响投资成本和运行成本,蒸馏淡化中集热器(如真空管)的寿命和附电系统影响投资成本和运行成本。太阳能反渗透海水淡化对原水浊度的预处理要求高于太阳能蒸馏淡化。但随着海水淡化技术的日趋成熟和完善,采用先进的制造工艺和强化转热传质新技术,使其与太阳能的具体特点结合起来,达到优势互补,提高太阳能海水淡化的经济性,降低成本,海水淡化将逐步被国人所接受,海水淡必然成为沿海城市和地区解决淡水资源短缺的有效方案。
未来的太阳能海水淡化技术的发展在近期仍将以蒸馏方法为主。因此,研究如何克服传统太阳能蒸馏系统的缺点,改善蒸馏系统的热性能,提高太阳能蒸馏系统产水率的方法是非常具有现实意义的。