摘要
传动系主要由两大系统组成，即：变速箱与驱动桥。变速箱包括自动变速箱和手动变速箱，主要是将发动机直接输出的高转速动力，经过不同齿轮比的齿轮组降速增矩并由传动轴传递至驱动桥上，这样才能保证驱动力的输出动力能够使用于不同的路况与车速要求。驱动桥位于传动系的末端，主要包括：主减速器、差速器与半轴。其基本功用是降速、增矩，承受着路面和车架或车身之间的作用力。
传动系统的性能好坏直接影响着整车性能，而在于新型三轮摩托车的设计中显得尤其重要。要将新型的大功率发动机输出的高转矩动力完美搭配在三轮摩托车车上而又不影响其高效率、灵活驾驶的特性时，必须搭配一个高效、稳定的传动系，所以采用传动效率高的单级减速驱动桥已经成为新型三轮摩托车的发展方向。
传动系统的设计应主要保证车辆在既定的条件下具备最佳的动力性和燃油经济性。本设计是根据设计要求是行驶参数，首先按照传统设计方法并参考汽车传动系的设计方案，再确定主减速器、差速器以及半轴的结构类型与整体布置，最好进行参数设计并对各部位进行强度与寿命的校核。
设计工程中基本保证结构的合理，符合实际应用，总成及零部件的设计尽量满足零件的标准化、通用化和产品的系列化。此外，也便于修理、保养，有利于新型三轮汽车的制造推广。
关键词：三轮摩托车，传动系，变速箱，驱动桥
Abstract
The power train consists of two main parts: transmission and drive axle. Transmission includes Automatic-transmission and Manual-transmission. The function of a transmission is to transfer engine power to the drive axle. Gears inside the transmission change the car‟s drive-wheel speed and torque in relation to engine speed and torque. This keep the engine‟s output matched as close as possible to varying road speeds and loads. Drive axle is at the end of the power train, it consists of: main reduction gear, differential, drive shaft. Its basic function is increasing the torque and reducing the speed, bearing the force between the road and the frames or body.
Its performance will have a direct impact on vehicle‟s performance, in particular new type of Moto-tricycle. Because a tricycle using the big power engine with the high speed and not affect its characteristic of high efficiency and high driving, must exploiting the high driven efficiency single reduction final drive axle is becoming the Moto-tricycle‟s developing tendency.
Drive axle should be designed to ensure the best dynamic and fuel economy on given condition. According to the design parameters given, firstly determine the overall vehicle parameters in accordance with the traditional design methods and reference vehicle‟s parameters, then identify the main reducer, differential, axle and axle housing structure type, finally design the parameters of the main gear, the driven gear of the final drive, axle gears and spiral bevel gear and check the strength and life of them.
In design process of the drive axle, we should ensure a reasonable structure, practical applications, and the design of assembly and parts as much as possible meeting requirements of the standardization of parts, components and products‟ universality and serialization and change. And convenience of repair and maintenance also is benefit to new type of Moto-tricycle‟s generalization.
Key words: Moto-tricycle, drive axle, transmission, single reduction final drive
