摘要:为了减轻农民的劳动强度，提高农业作业的机械化程度，填补农业机械的一项空白，针对玉米含水率高（将近30%左右），脱粒干净、低破碎率和玉米芯完整等问题进行设计。主要研究玉米脱粒的方式、方法、玉米剥皮脱粒机的结构、工作原理，设计整体结构，并在此基础上完成零部件的设计，并依据相关机械设计软件来完成零部件的设计。本着从经济性和实用性的角度出发，针对农业发展的需要设计出一种结构简单，工作效率高、能完成玉米剥皮和脱粒的的差速式免剥皮玉米脱粒机。
研究的主要内容基本包括玉米剥皮脱粒机构、装置、电机的选择、整机传动方案的选择计算。一般机械设计方法，多从总体方案开始，在总体方案中又首先从机构的分析开始，确定方案后再进行必要的设计计算和结构设计，最后以完成的设备图纸和设计说明书作为整个设计计算的成果。在本课题的研究中，剥皮脱粒装置由机盖和两辊筒组成，两辊的转向相同，在果穗与两辊接触部位的两辊外缘处的两切向力组成旋转力矩，使果穗绕自身轴线旋转，螺旋叶片的设置使果穗产生过沿平行于辊轴的轴向运动，在此过程中，在两辊旋转力矩的作用下完成玉米果穗的剥皮脱粒作业。该机突破了以往以打击式脱粒的传统方式，采用差速原理，同步进行剥皮和脱粒作业，实现了低冲击、高效脱粒的效果，脱尽率高、破碎率低和玉米芯完好。
关键词：差速；玉米；剥皮；脱粒；机械
ABSTRACT:In order to reduce the farmer labor intensity, improve agricultural mechanization of homework, fill a gap of agricultural machinery, in view of the corn with high moisture content (nearly 30%), threshing clean, low broken rate and complete several problems such as design. The main research corn threshing means, method, corn skinning threshing the structure, working principle, structure design, and on this basis to complete parts design, and according to the relevant mechanical design software to complete parts design. In line with from the point of view of economy and practicability, according to the needs of the development of agriculture designed a kind of simple structure, high efficiency, can finish stripping and threshing of corn of differential type from skinning threshers corn.
The main contents include corn skinning threshing basic institution, device, the choice of the drive motor, the choice is calculated. General mechanical design methods, many from the overall scheme started, the overall scheme and the analysis of the first from the agency began, determine the scheme more necessary design calculation and structure design, and finally to complete equipment drawings and the design specification for the design and calculation results. In this topic research, skinning device by threshing machine cover and two roller composition, two roller turned to the same, in the ear and two rollers contact roller in two parts of the outer tangential force of the two rotating torque, make their own axis rotate around the average, spiral leaf Settings that have characterized the parallel to the axis of the roll shaft to the sport, in the process, in two roll under the effect of rotating torque finish the homework stripping out of corn ear. The machine broke through in their fight against type of threshing past traditional way, USES the principle of differential, synchronized skinning and threshing homework, realize low impact, efficient threshing effect, take off all rate is high, broken rate is low and several intact.
Keywords: Differential type;Corn;Skin;Thresh; Mechanical
