摘要:近年来，世界装备制造业正向高速度、高精度、高效率的方向发展。高速数控机床，作为高速加工方法之一，具有高效、加工表面优良等优点，在制造中得到了广泛的应用。而作为高速数控机床核心部件的高速电主轴，由于其对数控机床的加工精度起着决定性作用，倍受人们关注。
高速电主轴的关键技术之一是电主轴的动态性能实验技术。目前，高速电主轴实验加载方法普遍采用对拖式加载方法，这种加载方法只能提供主轴的扭矩加载，不能提供主轴的径向加载。这些技术的不足都影响了对高速电主轴动态性能的准确测量。
本文对高速电主轴V/F变频控制方式和矢量变频控制方式的原理进行了简要介绍，设计了高速电主轴非接触式加载方案，并对高速电主轴的机械特性、恒转矩特性进行测试和分析。这些研究、设计以及测试分析不但避免了对拖式加载方法的弊端，解决了对高速电主轴进行加载的实验难题，而且能更好的了解高速电主轴的动态性能，易于提升数控机床的加工精度、速度以及可靠性。
关键词：高速电主轴 变频控制 测功机 非接触式加载
ABSTRACT:In recent years, the equipment manufacturing industry has been rapidly developed towards the direction of high speed, high precision and high efficiency. As a high-speed processing method, high-speed NC machine tools with the advantages of increasing efficient, excellent machined surface has been widely used, and the high speed motorized spindle as the core component of high-speed NC machine tools which plays a decisive role in its machining accuracy has been paid much attention.
One of the key technologies of high-speed motorized spindle is the dynamic performance experimental technique of motorized spindle. At present, the way of inter-drag to load on high speed motorized spindle is used, which only provide the spindle torque load, can't provide the spindle radial load. All the disadvantages of these technologies affect the accurate measurement of the high speed motorized spindle’s dynamic performance.
In this paper, the principle of V/F converter control mode and vector variable frequency control mode of the high-speed motorized spindle are introduced, a non-contact loading scheme for high-speed motorized spindle is designed, the mechanical characteristics and constant torque characteristics of high speed motorized spindle are also tested and analyzed. These studies, design and test analysis not only can avoid the disadvantages caused by the inter-drag load method and well solve the problem of loading experiment for high-speed motorized spindle, but also can understand the dynamic performance of high-speed motorized spindle better, and improve machining accuracy, speed and reliability of NC machine tools more easily.
Key words：High speed motorized spindle；Frequency conversion control；Dynamometer；Non-contact dynamic loading
