摘 要:升沉补偿系统作为海洋浮式钻井平台的关键设备之一, 海洋钻井所采用的半潜式钻井平台和钻井浮船由于波浪的作用将产生周期性的升沉运动,并使钻柱上下往复运动引起井底钻压的变化,甚至使钻头脱离井底影响钻进的效率,降低钻头和钻杆寿命,产生操作的安全隐患,在恶劣天气下甚至导致无法钻进和被迫停工,造成了巨大的经济损失。为此，要保证正常钻进，提高钻井效率，就需要升沉补偿系统对升沉进行补偿，以减少钻杆柱和隔水管系统与海底的相对运动，并保持恒定的张力载荷。本文通一套被动式升沉补偿系统有效地解决了在海洋钻井的过程中钻柱随海浪上下运动而降低钻井效率的问题。在海洋钻井的过程中只要控制钻压变化在10%的范围内，则钻井效率就不会发生剧烈的变化。此次设计一个升沉补偿装置，包括液压缸、上下框架、气瓶、空气压缩机、蓄能器等装置把钻压的变化量控制在总钻压的10%以内，从而提高钻井的效率。这种升沉补偿系统不仅能够减少等候天气的时间，提高钻井效率和安全性，而且能够延长钻井设备的使用寿命。因此，加大力度研发拥有自主知识产权的海洋浮式钻井平台升沉补偿系统,对我国进入海洋更深层次的勘探开发意义重大。
关键词：海洋钻井平台 钻压 被动式 升沉补偿系统 钻井效率
ABSTRACT:The rising and falling compensation system took one of sea floating type oil drilling platform essential equipment, the offshore drilling uses partly dives the type oil drilling platform and the well drilling pontoon because the wave function will have the periodic rising and falling movement, and will cause to drill about the column the reciprocal motion to cause the bottom of the well bit pressure change, even will cause the drill bit to be separated from the efficiency which the bottom of the well influence will sneak in, will reduce the drill bit and the drill rod life, will have the operation security hidden danger, even caused under the heavy weather to be unable to sneak in and to be compelled to shut down, has created the huge economic loss.Therefore, must guarantee sneaks in normally, enhances the well drilling efficiency, needs to rise and fall the compensation system to carry on the compensation to rising and falling, reduces the drilling string and the marine riser system and the seabed relative motion, and maintains the constant tensity load.This article passed a set of passive form rising and falling compensation system to solve effectively has drilled the column in the offshore drilling process the vertical motion to reduce the well drilling efficiency along with the ocean waves the question.In offshore drilling process so long as control bit pressure change in 10% scope, then the well drilling efficiency cannot have the fierce change.This time designs a rising and falling compensation system, including hydraulic cylinder, about installments and so on frame, air bottle, air compressor, accumulator bit pressure change quantity control in total bit pressure 10%, thus enhances the well drilling the efficiency.Not only this kind of rising and falling compensation system can reduce waits for the weather the time, enhances the well drilling efficiency and the security, moreover can lengthen the well drilling equipment the service life.Therefore, the enlarge dynamics research and development has the proprietary intellectual property rights sea floating type oil drilling platform rising and falling compensation system, enters a sea deeper level to our country exploration development watershed.
Keywords: offshore drilling platforms bit pressure passive form heave Compensation System drilling efficiency
