摘要:在新世纪，建筑给排水将担负新的历史重任，面临新的挑战。建筑给排水将更突出以人为本的原则，并将重点调整到民用建筑与工业建筑并重，公共建筑与居住建筑并重，冷水供应与热水供应并重，走上全面、均衡、务实、安全的发展之路。建筑给水排水属于应用工程，是整个建筑设计中一个相当重要的环节，也是建筑设计中必不可少的。
本文针对青岛市住宅楼，结合对设计标准、规范的理解，对该建筑的给水系统、排水系统、消防水系统、热水系统，主要以设计计算说明的形式，进行了初步探讨。
根据设计资料，市政给水管网的水压为0.3MPa，本建筑地下一层至地上三层由室外市政管网直接供水，四至十一层采用水泵、屋顶水箱相接合的给水方式,给水管材采用UPVC塑料管；由于消火栓超过十个，需设两条引入管。既保障了供水安全，又节约了能耗。
本建筑属二类建筑，设室内消火栓给水系统，该建筑防火等级属于中危险级Ⅰ级，设计内容包括消火栓系统和自动喷淋系统。在屋顶水箱间内设实验用消火栓装置，消火栓给水管网呈环状布置，各消火栓箱内设消防水泵启动电钮，能直接启动消防泵；室外设地下式水泵结合器，保证消防安全可靠。商场，走廊，办公间，电梯前室设闭式自动喷淋系统，设计采用两组报警阀组，分别控制地下一层至底层、二层至三层的喷头。
本设计室内排水系统采用合流制，卫生间污废水经化粪池后直接排至室外排水管网,男、女厕所分别设置立管。排水系统首层单独排放，并就近排至户外。高区排水立管设有伸顶通气管。同时设置专用通气管，辅以结合通气管连接成三管系统。地下室积水经地沟排至集水坑，再通过污水提升泵排至室外城市污水管网。本设计排水管材采用柔性接口机制排水铸铁管。
根据设计资料，本设计需对四至十一层供应热水。为保证同一用水点的冷、热水压力平衡，热水管道沿着给水管道布置，热水管材采用PP-R给水聚丙烯热水管，不做保温层。各系统中的立管设在管井内或沿墙敷设，水平管根据各系统的特点明敷或暗敷。
关键词 给水系统；排水系统；消防系统；热水系统
Abstract:In the new century, building water supply and drainage would assume the historical responsibility, and facing new challenges. Building water supply and drainage will be more prominent to the principle of people-oriented, and focus adjustment to both civil construction and industrial buildings, both public buildings and residential buildings, both cold water supply and hot water supply, embarked on a comprehensive, balanced, pragmatic and safe development of the road . Building Water is an application works, is a very important part of the whole architectural design, architectural design essential.
Residential building in Qingdao City, combined with the design standards, specifications understanding the construction of water supply system, drainage system, fire water system, hot water system, the main form of design calculations described a preliminary study.
According to the design information, the municipal water supply network water pressure 0.3MPa, the building basement to the ground three outdoor municipal pipe network directly to the water supply, four to ten layer pump, rooftop water tanks engaging the water supply, water supply pipe using UPVC plastic pipe; fire hydrant more than ten, you need to set up two introduction tube. Not only ensures the safety of water supply, but also save energy.
This building is a second-class building, set fire hydrant water supply system, the building fire rating is a dangerous level I design includes hydrant systems and automatic sprinkler system. Experimental rooftop water tanks equipped with a fire hydrant device, fire hydrant systems arranged in a ring, the fire box equipped with fire pumps start push-button to start the fire pump; outside the chamber underground water pump, fire safety and reliable. Shopping malls, corridors, office, elevator room set up the closed automatic sprinkler system, the design uses two sets of alarm valve, control the basement to the underlying layer to the nozzle.
Combined Design Interior drainage system, toilet sewage and wastewater directly discharged to the the outdoor drainage network, after Septic ladies room set riser. The first floor of the drainage system is discharged separately, and the nearest row to the outdoors. High the drainage riser has a stretch top snorkel. At the same time set up a dedicated snorkel, snorkel connected supplemented by a combination of three systems. The basement hydrocephalus by the waste discharged into the sump, sewage lift pump to the outside row urban sewage pipe network. The design of the drainage pipe with cast iron drainage pipe to the flexible interface mechanism.
According to the design data required for the design of four to ten layer supply hot water. In order to ensure the same cold water point, the balance of hot water pressure, hot water pipes along the water supply piping, hot water pipe PP-R water supply polypropylene hot water pipes without insulation. System riser tube wells or along the wall laying, horizontal tube according to the characteristics of the system for surface or concealed.
Keywords water supply system drainage systems fire protection system hot water system
