摘要：我国的人民币汇率形成机制经过了几个重大的历史变革，从1981年的双重汇率制，到1994年的确立以市场为供求为基础的有管理的浮动汇率制，再到1996年的人民币经常项目可以自由兑换的单一“盯住美元”的汇率轨制，随着人民币汇率机制的不断改革，我国的汇率机制逐步完善。2005年7月15日，我国第一次实行以市场供求为基础，参考一篮子货币进行调节，有管理的浮动汇率制度。随着中国的经济实力日益增强，人民币在国际市场上的升值压力越来越严重。改革后的人民币汇率制度更具有弹性，这就加大了汇率变动的复杂性和不确定性。对我国来说，这不仅影响人民币对各国币值的变动，而且对我国的对外贸易也会造成影响。随着经济全球化及一体化的趋势，对外贸易不仅促进资源合理有效配置而且拉动了国家经济发展，更重要的是对我国经济高速生长具有至关重要的作用。因此，研究人民币汇率形成机制及其对我国外贸的影响就显得十分重要。本文简述了人民币形成机制的历史沿革，重点阐述了我国现行人民币汇率形成机制的概况，并结合案例分析了人民币汇率形成机制对我国进出口的影响，最后得出结论。
关键词：人民币汇率 形成机制 对外贸易
Abstract:In 1981, China began to establish a dual exchange rate system. In 1994, China established a market for the supply and demand managed floating exchange rate system, and then in 1996, after the Asian financial crisis, China began a single "dollar peg” that the exchange rate system is convertible, gradually, China's exchange rate mechanism has improved. On July 15, 2005, China began to implement a managed floating exchange rate regime that regards market supply and demand as foundation, with reference to a basket of currencies to adjust. With China's economic development and economic strength, the RMB in the international market face more increasingly severe pressure. After the reform of the RMB exchange rate regime, more flexible exchange rate regime has increased the uncertainty and complexity of the changes in exchange rates. As for our country, China not only involves changes in the yuan against the dollar countries, but also is effected on Chinese foreign trade. Under the increasingly strengthened economic globalization trend, foreign trade promotes allocation of resources and economic development. Moreover, it also plays a decisive role in promoting the rapid economic development of China.Therefore, researching the influence of exchange rate changes on China's foreign trade is very important. This paper describes the history of the formation mechanism of the RMB, focuses on an overview of our current RMB exchange rate formation mechanism, combines with case studies to analyze the impact of RMB exchange rate formation mechanism towards import and export, finally getting a conclusion.
Keywords：RMB exchange rate formation mechanism foreign trade
