摘要:涡轮增压器能在发动机排量不变的情况下，提高其动力性能，降低尾气排放，最初主要用于柴油发动机。随着增压器设计的和工艺水平的提高，高温耐热材料的解决，增压器的性能和使用寿命大为提高，体积和质量显著减少，从而使汽车发动机增压技术获得迅速发展。在国内，近年来对汽车发动机增压做了大量的研究工作，并取得了显著成效，但是和国外的先进技术相比还有很大的差距。
本文针对废气涡轮增压器的结构及工艺进行设计。首先，介绍了废气涡轮增压器的结构和工作原理，为接下来的设计奠定理论基础；其次，根据涡轮增压器的使用要求，确定涡轮增压器的总体布置方案及各种零部件的结构型式，全面地阐述这方案的可行性和合理性；再次，对涡轮增压器各零部件进行计算，确定基本尺寸；最后，介绍废气涡轮增压器各个零部件的材料和加工工艺，重点介绍各种材料的特性与这些材料所对应的加工工艺要求，以及对比各个方案的优劣性。
目前，汽油机增压技术还没有完全成熟，还存在一些难点和问题，针对这些问题提出相应的措施。未来，新型车用涡轮增压器将会朝着提高增压比，增加增压器效率，减少零件数，拓宽流量范围，朝着小型化的方面发展。
关键词：涡轮增压器、结构、材料、工艺
Abstract:Turbocharger engine emissions in the same situation, to improve their dynamic performance, reduce emissions, initially mainly for diesel engines. As the pressure level of design and process improvement, high-temperature solution heat-resistant materials, supercharger performance and service life greatly improved significantly reduce the volume and quality, so supercharged car engine technology was rapidly developing. At home, automobile engine Turbocharged recent years done a lot of research work, and achieved remarkable results, and advanced technology, but there is still a big gap.
In this article, I will devise the structure of turbocharger and process design. First, the exhaust gas turbocharger introduced the structure and working principle for the theoretical basis for the design of the next; Secondly, the use of turbochargers required to determine the overall layout of turbochargers, and various parts of the program structure type, gives a comprehensive overview of the feasibility and rationality of this program; again, the various components of the turbocharger is calculated to determine the basic dimensions; Finally, introduce the various turbocharger components, materials and processing, with emphasis describes the characteristics of various materials corresponding to these materials, processing requirements, and contrast the pros and cons of each.
At present, the gasoline engine supercharger technology has not fully mature, there still exist some difficulties and problems, these issues accordingly. The future, the new vehicle will be moving to improve turbocharger pressure ratio, increased supercharger efficiency and reduce the number of components to broaden the scope of traffic, develop toward miniaturization.
Keyword：turbocharger，structure，materials，processing technology
