摘要：我国是一个农业大国，农村金融发展一直都是研究的一个热点和重点。本文主要通过对于我国农村金融市场研究，提出通过农村金融市场创新这一手段来促进其发展的可行性。通过合适的手段，合理的方法，从多层次各方面入手，提炼出我国各地不同的农村金融市场中存在的共性。之后从政策、机构、体制、工具等多层次深入挖掘出当前农村金融市场现状存在的各种不足。研究发现，虽然近几年我国对于农村加大了投入力度，落后的金融市场还是无法满足现阶段农村的需求。其中，由于农民本身的属性限制，加上农村金融机构对于农村金融领域的忽视使得金融产品和服务匮乏。另外政府在金融监管政策上的工作不到位，金融中介的缺位，资金支付和流通手段的滞后，共同导致了如今农村金融市场的混乱状态。对于上述问题来说，通过金融创新这一方式，制定出适合于农村金融市场的创新型规章制度，完善农村金融资金链，推出适应农业这一特殊行业作息规律的新型金融产品和服务，加强市场监督管理，强化政府在其中的引导和支持作用等方法。通过对于农村金融创新所遇到的困难进行研究，提出适合我国农村金融市场创新的建议，促进农村金融市场的发展。
关键词：农村金融；金融市场；金融抑制；金融创新
ABSTRACT：China is a large agricultural country, rural financial development has always been a hot research topic and focus. This thesis mainly for China's rural financial market research, put forward through the rural financial market innovation as a tool to promote the viability of development. Through appropriate means, rational approach, starting from a multilevel aspects, to extract the different parts of rural financial markets exist in common. After the policy, institutional, system, tools and other multilevel dig out the current status of the rural financial market presence of various deficiencies. Study found that although in recent years, China's increased investment for rural and backward financial markets or can not meet the needs of rural areas at present. Among them, the farmer's own property restrictions, coupled with rural financial institutions for neglected rural financial sector makes the lack of financial products and services. In addition the government's work on financial regulatory policy is not in place, the absence of financial intermediation, financial payment and means of circulation lag, now common in rural financial markets has led to chaos. For these problems, the adoption of financial innovation in this way, to develop a market for innovative rural financial rules and regulations, improve the rural financial capital chain, introduced to the agriculture industry and rest rules of this particular new financial products and services, strengthen market supervision and management, strengthen the government's guidance and support in which the role of other methods. This article mainly through rural financial innovation for the difficulties encountered in conducting research for China's rural financial market of innovative proposals to promote the development of rural financial markets.
Keywords: Rural Finance；Financial market；Financial repression；Financial innovation
我国作为一个农业大国，从古至今都占有很重要的地位。随着近几年我国经济的迅猛发展，尽管我国在农村建设上投入了比较大的人力和财力，但是农村金融市场方面的建设跟城镇相比起来还是有着比较大的差距。而这种城乡金融差距已经逐渐的影响到了我国可持续发展战略，严重的阻碍了小康社会的建设。因此，本文主要研究近三年来我国农村金融市场的发展规律，抓住其中的共性条件，结合我国农村的实际情况，来对于农村金融市场创新做出符合当前背景的研究和设想。
由于农业是个弱质产业，所以农村经济相对比较落后，与城镇相比贫富差距较大，从而导致了信息的不对称性，导致了农村金融市场信息流通和融资成本高、速度慢，金融产品和服务无法满足农村当前的需要的窘境。再加上缺乏良好的市场基础，农村金融市场很容易出现混乱不堪的问题。农村金融市场急需一个符合当前金融环境的监管制度，建立起合理的产权明晰制度，良好资金信贷管理制度，有利于提升农村金融效率的提升。与此同时推出适应农户需求的创新性金融产品，如小额贷款、新型的农村信用卡等等，完善农村金融服务体系，另一方面又能推进农村金融机构内部的建设和发展，更好的调控市场。进行农村金融市场创新不仅可以有效的缓解当前阻碍农村发展建设的不利因素，同时又能在结合我国农村金融背景之下引导和规范民间现代和农村金融机构，鼓励发展和完善多层次有活力的农村金融市场体系，改变农村金融市场落后的现状。
