摘 要:近几年来由于我国国民经济和煤炭工业快速发展，煤炭的出口数量逐年下降，而进口量则是不断地上升。2011年，我国超越日本成为全球最大的煤炭进口大国。本文简要介绍了中国煤炭资源的赋存情况，阐述了我国煤炭资源“北多南少，西多东少”的分布特点。回顾了我国煤炭工业的发展现状，煤炭贸易的发展情况，详细分析了我国煤炭进出口变化的原因。通过对影响我国煤炭进出口的因素的分析，说明了我国煤炭资源分布不均导致的煤炭运输的瓶颈，煤炭价格，煤炭需求，安全，政府煤炭进出口政策的变化等因素造成了我国煤炭进口快速增加，出口大量减少的局面。简要阐述了煤炭进出口变化对我国煤炭产业结构，环境，贸易等的影响。继而提出应对我国煤炭进出口新局面的对策，即要灵活地执行国家各项政策规定，提高国内生产的煤炭质量，保障矿井的安全生产，加快煤炭运输的建设，增加国家的煤炭战略储备能力，降低对外煤的依赖程度，积极打造国际煤炭交易和定价中心等。
关键词：煤炭；进出口；原因分析；对策
ABSTRACT:In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy and coal industry of China, the number of the coal what was exported to abroad was decreased year by year, and the imported coal continued to rise. And China has overtaken Japan as the world’s largest coal importer in 2011. Brief introduction to the reserves of Chinese coal resources is provided and the characteristics of China’s coal resources distribution “More in the north and west while less in the south and east” is described in this paper. Moreover, the development path of China’s coal industry and the main coal trade in the recent years will be analyzed in this paper. And the causes of the changes of China’s coal import and export during recent years were analyzed in detail in this paper.
Through analyzing the various factors affecting China’s coal import and export, the writer finds out that the rapid increase of coal import and dramatic reduction of coal export in China recently is the results of the following factors: the uneven distribution of coal resources in our country, the price, the demand, the security, the changes in the Government's coal import and export policies, etc. In addition, the paper also expounds the impact on coal industrial structure, environment, etc. of China what caused by the coal import and export. Then, specific countermeasure are put forward to handle with the new situation in the field of coal import and export in these areas, such as executing relevant policies flexibly, making better use of foreign coal resources, improving the quality of domestic coal, ensuring the safety of mine production, improving the transportation of coal, increase state’s reserve of coal, reducing the dependence of foreign coal, trying to build up international trading and pricing center of coal, etc.
Keywords: coal; import and export; analysis; Countermeasures
