摘要:自由主义语境下，公共利益的涵义主要包括三个方面：在尊重个人自由同时保障社会弱势群体的基本生存权利；公共权力机构的廉洁高效；公平、正义、秩序、宽容等一系列公共伦理价值的实现。相应地，政府、市场和公民社会各自具有在达成和维护公共利益方面的职能。随着经济全球化和社会开放程度提高，政府的作用在实现公共利益方面日益减少，但政府的基本职能不可推卸。因为政府的特殊性质和与公共利益的密切联系，政府在实现公共利益方面依然拥有责任，即尽可能促进社会财富的公平分配和保证政府自身的廉洁高效。而如何在不侵犯公民自由的同时促进社会公平正义是每个政治系统面临的任务。
关键词：自由主义 公共利益 政府责任
Abstract:In the perspective of liberalism, the contents of the public interests mainly include three aspects: preserving the basic surviving rights of the poor while respecting the individual liberty; the justice and high efficiency of political agencies; fairness justice order forgiveness and a series of public ethics being accomplished. Relatively, the government, the market and the society has their unique functions in making and protecting the public interests. With the development of economical globalization and social opening, the functions of government in making public interests is shrinking, however, some core duties of government can’t be denied. Because of the special characteristic and the close connection with public interests, the government still owns its responsibility in accomplishing public interests, and namely it is to promote a more fair distribution of social possessions and make sure itself in justice and high efficiency. It is a challenge for every political systems that promoting the social fairness and justice while not violating the citizen’s liberty.
Key words: Liberalism, Public interests, Government responsibility
在自由主义语境下，公共利益包含三方面的内容：社会财富的尽可能公平分配，公共政治权力机构的廉洁高效和公平，正义，秩序，理性等一系列公共精神。自由主义一直坚持对政府权力的限制，但这不代表政府在实现和维护公共利益方面可以推卸责任。在资源配置以市场为导向的今天，政府需要发挥出应有的作用。政府需要从民主选举中产生，保证其广泛的代表性，防止权力的高度集中和滥用。在公平分配社会财富的同时保证公民权利自由不受侵犯，这是所有政府需要做到的共同目标。
