摘要:社会养老是一个多层次、多领域的复杂问题，养老服务具有公共产品的福利性质。政府作为公共产品的提供者，应该担任社会养老服务提供者的角色。本文从政府与市场关系的理论角度论证了政府介入社会养老的原因。但根据“有限政府”的理论，政府在社会公共领域中并非万能角色，其在社会养老中应该承担主导责任而不是全部责任。要正确处理其与市场之间的关系，促进社会力量成为养老服务的生产者，建立多层次的养老服务供给体系。从目前我国存在的四种养老模式来看，“公办民营”、“民办公助”模式更能促进社会养老资源的高效配置。在“公办民营”、“民办公助”养老模式施行过程中，政府于立法推进、财政支持、行政监管等方面存在责任缺位的情况，为了进一步协调社会养老中政府与市场关系，进一步发挥社会力量作为养老服务生产者的作用，本文在对社会养老中的政府履责现状分析的基础上提出了完善政府在社会养老中的责任的对策。
关键词：政府 市场 社会养老 政府责任
Abstract:Social pension is a multi-level and complex problem. Old-age welfare services have the nature of public goods. As the provider of public goods, Government should act as the provider of social pension services. In this paper, the theory of relationship between government and market demonstrates the reasons for government’s intervention in social endowment. According to the "limited government" theory, the government in the social role of the public sphere is not a panacea. Government should assume the leading responsibility, but not the full responsibility in the community. We should correctly handle the relationship between government and market and promote social forces to become producers of pension services, a multi-level supplying of system. According to the running results of four pension models in our society, "Public Private" and "public office to help" models can better promote the efficient allocation of resources for social pensions. In the implementation process of "Public Private" and "office to help" models, government is absent in promoting responsibility in legislations, financial supports, and administrative supervision. In order to improve the government's responsibility in the social pension countermeasures, we should further the coordination of social old-age relationship between government and the market and make social forces as the function of pension services producers.
Key Words: Government Market Social Pension Government Responsibility
本文从政府责任角度切入，基于政府与市场关系的角度论证，进一步论述政府在社会养老中承担责任的理论渊源。通过论证政府与市场在社会养老中需要相辅相成的不二命题，为进一步探究政府如何完善社会养老中的责任打下理论基础。根据“有限政府”的理论，政府在社会公共领域中并非万能角色，其在社会养老中应该承担主导责任而不是全部责任。要正确处理其与市场之间的关系，促进社会力量成为养老服务的生产者，建立多层次的养老服务供给体系。要进一步协调社会养老中政府与市场关系，进一步发挥社会力量作为养老服务生产者的作用，进一步完善政府在社会养老中的责任。
本文的不足之处在于，社会养老在我国是一个多层次、多渠道的复杂问题，我国有城乡二元体制结构的区别，社区养老和农村养老是我国社会养老的不同方面，两者应分情况具体讨论。但限于本文作者实证考察能力，在论证社会养老中的政府责任问题时并未细论政府在农村养老和社区养老中责任的区别，更多的工作留待笔者在未来的研究中完成。
