摘要：琵琶自西汉末年由西域传入中原，至唐朝时期，在传统文化高度繁荣且中西文化大融合的环境中，琵琶艺术进入其发展的第一次鼎盛时期。唐诗是我国优秀的文学遗产之一，也是世界文学宝库中的一颗灿烂明珠，拥有极高的文学研究价值。由于唐诗中还包含对盛唐音律、乐器形制、乐曲等内容的大量描述和记载，其中不乏对琵琶艺术的刻画，因而唐诗同样具有很高的艺术研究价值。本文以唐代诗人白居易的佳作《琵琶行》为切入点，探讨唐诗与唐代琵琶艺术间的互动呈现。主要从两个大的方面进行阐述：即诗中的琵琶和琵琶的诗意。首先，本文着眼于诗中的琵琶，就诗中对琵琶的表现形式和演奏技巧、琵琶的形制、唐代琵琶艺术的空前繁盛三个方面的呈现进行阐述；最后，通过对琵琶音乐的艺术情感意向及其演奏技巧对情感演绎的解读两个方面来论述琵琶艺术的诗意呈现。通过唐诗与琵琶的一诗一琴的互诉中，更加深刻的感受与体会琵琶演奏中声情并茂的境界，在诗歌的意境中陶冶自身琵琶演奏修养。
关键词 《琵琶行》，琵琶形制，演奏技巧，诗意解读
Abstract:Pipa was first introduced from Xi Yu to the Central Plains in China in the late Western Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, with the highly prosperous traditional culture and the harmonious Chinese and Western’s culture, Pipa went into its prosperous age in its development. Tang poetry is one of the Chinese splendid cultural heritages, and an jewelry in the world’s literature. It is worthy of studying in literary field. Since Tang poetry depicted a large number of rhythm, music and the shape and structure of musical instruments in Tang Dynasty, Tang poetry also has a very important value in esthetic examination. This paper takes Tang poet Bai Juyi’s work “Song of a Pipa Player” as an example and discus the interaction between Tang poetry and Pipa. The content has two aspects: Pipas in poems and Pipas’ poetry. Firstly, the texts focus on Pipa in poems, and describe Pipas’ performance forms and techniques, shape and structures, and the prosperity of Pipa in Tang Dynasty. Then it dissertate Pipas’ poetic representation by explaining its emotional intents and techniques. This paper tries to make us reach a level of playing the Pipa with emotion and improve our musical cultivation.
Key words “Song of a Pipa Player”，Pipas’ shape and structure， techniques in perform，poetic analysis
琵琶作为中国民族乐器的瑰宝，享有“民乐之王”、“弹拨乐器之王”的美誉。在中国文学史上, 留有大量赋咏琵琶及其表演的诗词。其中白居易的千古美文《琵琶行》当属千古佳作，不仅因其生动描绘的浔阳江头萧瑟秋风的自然景色和醉不成欢惨将别的离别情景，更妙在这字里行间悄然呈现的琵琶女忧伤的情思和依稀回荡耳畔的曼妙音律，将唐诗音乐化，将音乐诗意化，体现了它们之间的相互表现和相互影响，诗词以文字形式将琵琶艺术加以记述、描绘，琵琶则通过乐音的形式将诗词悠扬宛转地展现给人们。这种相互表现和相互影响，就是诗词与琵琶艺术的完美结合。在我国，对《琵琶行》这一课题的研究已经相当成熟，从诗中琵琶的形制、诗中所蕴含的音乐美学等方面入手。本文主要以白居易的《琵琶行》为例，分别从琵琶艺术在唐诗中的表现和琵琶艺术对唐诗内容的表达两个方面分析了唐诗与琵琶艺术的交融。
