摘要:长期使用化肥会导致土壤结构遭到破坏、土壤肥力和肥料利用率下降、农产品品质变劣,每公斤化肥纯养分的投入产出比正逐年降低。因此,以提高肥料利用率、增加作物产量、改善作物品质、减少病虫害为目的,以生态平衡的要求研制和开发应用新型高效安全专用肥料,符合现代农业生产倡导的生态农业的发展趋势。本试验以南京板桥菜地土壤作为供试土壤,小青菜(矮脚黄)作为供试植物,施用纯化肥以及不同有机营养调理剂,通过测定生物量、株高、抗坏血酸含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等作物性状指标以及土壤三大菌(细菌、真菌、放线菌)、土壤酶活(脲酶、磷酸酶)等土壤生物学性质,比较不同处理间肥料肥效、青菜生长以及供试土壤的差异,发现调理剂2是较理想的有机营养调理剂。
关键词:化肥,调理剂,供试植物,供试土壤,肥效,利用率
Abstract:Long term chemical fertilization may destroy soil structure, decrease soil fertility and efficiency of the fertilizer, make quality of agricultural products inferior, and decrease the input-output ratio of per kg of fertilizer and nutrients year by year. Therefore, development and application of new, efficient, safe and specific fertilizers to improve efficiency of fertilizer, increase crop yield and quality, reduce pests and diseases, are in line with modern agricultural production promoting the development trend of ecological agriculture. In this study, we use vegetable soil from Nanjing as tested soil and use Chinese cabbage as the test plants. The treatments are application of chemical fertilizer or organic conditioners, respectively. By examining biomass and height of plants, content of ascorbic acid, soluble sugar and chlorophyll, soil activity of the POD, SOD and CAT, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, we show the different influences of organic conditioner on the test crop and soil. Based on the results of the test, we can find out a kind of organic conditioner that can improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizer utilization.
以提高肥料利用率、增加作物产量、改善作物品质、减少病虫害为目的,以生态平衡的要求研制和开发应用新型高效安全专用肥料,不仅符合现代农业生产倡导生态农业的发展趋势,也符合确保国民经济建设、21世纪农业可持续发展的需求和肥料产业政策和发展趋势。此外,如何提高化肥利用率对于降低农业成本,减少面源污染,不仅对农业的可持续发展和粮食安全意义重大,而且有利于环境保护和公共卫生安全。
通过物理、化学或生物化学的手段改造传统的速效肥料,所创制的新型肥料可呈现多种功能,不仅可提供作物必须的养分,同时也可控制养分的释放和调节土壤中养分的转化过程(包括物理迁移过程,化学和生物转化过程),提高土壤肥力的可持续性,最终达到土壤资源的高效利用。新肥料的应用是有效利用自然资源和土壤资源、保证可耕地面积的重要手段之一,具有突出的经济、社会和环境效益。