摘要:垃圾渗滤液是垃圾填埋过程中，由于厌氧发酵、有机物分解、雨水冲淋等产生多种代谢物质，形成高浓度的有机废水，对水体、土壤、大气和生物都有不同程度的影响。文章阐述了垃圾渗滤液的来源及水质特点；对目前国内外垃圾渗滤液处理工艺及技术进行了综述，并在此基础上探讨了垃圾渗滤液处理今后的研究方向。
垃圾填埋过程中产生的渗滤液具有污染物浓度高、水质水量变化大等特点,是国内外污水处理的一大难题。本文综述了垃圾渗滤液的预处理、主体工艺及深度处理技术,指出了预处理和深度处理的重要性,并对国内外几大垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺作了比较。
关键词：垃圾渗滤液；处理技术；研究进展
Abstract:Landfill leachate is organic wastewater of high concentrations, which contains several kinds of metabolic substances produced through anaerobicfermentation, organic decomposition and rain shower. Landfill leachate has influence of different level on soil, air and biology. The paper expounded the origin andthe water quality characteristics of landfill leachate and summarized the landfill leachate treatment technology and technique. It explored the research direction oflandfill leachate treatment in the future.
Appeared in the process of municipal landfill ,leachate had the characteristics of high concentration and great variationin composition and flow rate ,which made it became one of the most difficult problem in wastewater treatment. Leachate treatmentincluding pretreatment ,principal treatment and advanced post2treatment were summarized in detail and the importance of the pretreatment and advanced post2treatment were pointed out. Furthermore ,Some treatment processes at domestic and abroad were compared in the paper.
Keywords: landfill leachate；processing technology；research progress
针对垃圾渗滤液成分复杂、毒性大、可生化性差等特点，采用氨吹脱+水解酸化+好氧生物+生物活性炭处理工艺，对石家庄市峡石沟垃圾卫生填埋场的渗滤液进行了处理研究。结果表明：
1)氨吹脱+水解酸化+好氧生物+反渗透处理工艺处理石家庄市峡石沟垃圾卫生填埋场的渗滤液，工艺流程短、简便易行、效果好。出水COD、BOD5、氨氮均可达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GBl6889．2008)标准。
2)采用吹脱法去除渗滤液中的氨氮效果良好，且在吹脱前用石灰乳将渗滤液pH值调至10．5，气液比在3120的条件下，去除率可高达70％。
3)老化渗滤液可生化性很差，采用水解酸化工艺在去除部分有机物的同时，可进一步提高渗滤液的可生化性，经处理COD去除率可达到30．40％，可生化性可由原来的O．12提高到0．31，更适合后续好氧处理。同时水解酸化工艺对温度和pH值的适应性较强，更适合垃圾渗滤液水质水量变化大的特点。
4)采用好氧生物处理可有效的进一步降低水解酸化后的渗滤液，COD、BOD5、氨氮的去除率可分别达到98．5．99％、97．5．99％、99％。
