摘要:玉米是全世界的主要粮食和饲料作物，具有单产量高，总产量稳定的特点被称为“饲料之王”。我国是世界上玉米生产第二大国，仅次于美国，在我国玉米是仅次于小麦的主要粮食作物，其种植面积和产量居秋粮作物之首，成为农业主要的经济作物之一。玉米种植面积一直处于稳步上升的状态。玉米已经发展成为粮食、饲料、经济兼用作物，新世纪兴起了以玉米为原料的乙醇燃料工业， 玉米在国际贸易中占有越来越重要的地位。我国玉米以北方为主要产区，近年来我国南方也开始大面积种植。随之家庭劳动强度也大大的加大了，所以依靠玉米脱粒机来减轻玉米收获之后的劳动强度就成了一种迫切的需要。
家用小型玉米脱粒机主要是为了南方农村广大农户需要，代替手工脱粒，降低家庭劳动强度，特别是脱粒之后的风机清选设计更是大大降低了家庭玉米脱粒的程序和劳动强度，所以设计了一款家用小型玉米脱粒机，本设计主要包括入料、脱粒、风选、出料口这四大部分，本设计以电动机为原动力，设计原理是剥皮后的玉米棒通过脱粒钉齿与栅格式凹板之间的揉搓作用进而脱粒，然后在经过风机风选之后最后得到干净的玉米籽粒，本设计采用理论和实验相结合的研究方法，最终设计出了适合南方家用的小型玉米脱粒机。
关键词：小型；玉米脱粒机；机构设计；风选设计
ABSTRACT:Corn is one of the world's main grain and forage crop, with high yield, total output and stability characteristics are known as "the king of feed".China is the world's second largest corn production, second only to the United States, in China corn is the main grain crop after wheat, its planting area and output ranked first in agricultural crops, has become one of the main economic crops.Corn planting area has been steadily rising state.Corn has developed into food, feed, economy holds concurrently with crop, the new century the rise of corn-based ethanol fuel industry, maize in international trade plays a more and more important role.Our country corn in North China as the main producing areas, in recent years our country south also begins large area to grow.Then the family labor intensity is greatly increased, so rely on corn threshing machine to reduce the labor intensity of corn harvest has become an urgent need.
Household small corn thresher is mainly to southern rural farmers need. Instead of manual threshing, reduce the labor intensity of particular family, threshing after fan cleaning design is greatly reduced the family corn threshing procedures and the intensity of labor, so the design of a small household corn threshing machine, including the design of the main feeding, threshing, winnowing, discharging the four most, design principle is peeled corn threshing tooth and nail through a grid type concave plate between the kneading action and threshing, then after fan winnowing after finally get clean grain, this design adopts the combination of theoretical and experimental research methods, the final design for the southern household small corn thresher.
Keywords: Small; corn thresher; mechanism design; air separation design
