摘要：随着改革开放的不断深入，经济全球化发展迅猛，企业在各项经济活动中面临着市场信息和资源配置等要素带来的诸多不确定因素。财务分析的基本功能是将大量的报表数据转换成对特定决策有用的信息，以减少决策的不确定性。在各项经济决策中企业势必要结合一些财务指标，以此作为决策的依据，但是，现行财务分析指标存在诸多局限性，没有更深入地研究指标各要素的构成，也没有充分利用会计报表所提供的信息资料，更无法适应各种特殊经营类型的企业，无法很好地反映企业的发展运行情况，造成会计信息失真，从而误导信息使用者做出错误决策。本文主要采用实证分析和综合对比相结合的研究方法，参考国内外一些成熟的财务分析理论，从企业盈利能力分析、运营能力分析和偿债能力分析三个方面，从企业的财务指标入手，研究其含义与构成，找出其局限性，进而对各指标进行相应的完善，并充分利用现金流量表进行补充，最后结合企业报表，对改进前后指标进行计算比较，以增强财务指标的使用价值，提高信息使用者的决策效率。
关键词：财务报表分析；财务指标；局限性；完善
Abstract：With the reform and development, economic globalization is developing rapidly. Enterprises face a lot of uncertain factors like market information and allocation resources and so on in the economic activities. The basic function of the financial analysis is put a large number of report date into information which is useful to particular decision, and in order to reduce uncertainty of the decision. In each of economic decisions, it surely will combine with some financial indicators, however, current financial indicators have a lot of limitations, which don’t in-depth study of the elements of each indicators, causing accountant information distorted, can’t adapt to various special types of management of enterprises and can’t well reflect the development situation, so what it may misleading information users make the wrong decision. This discourse mainly uses the research method combining with empirical analysis and comprehensive comparison and references some domestic and foreign mature financial analysis theory, then research the financial indicators from three aspects which are profitability analysis, operation efficiency analysis and solvency analysis, study their meaning and form, find out its limitations, and then improve them and supply new indicators making full use of the cash flow table. At last, calculate and compare of the indicators combining financial reporting of the enterprise by way of enhancing its value and efficiency of decision.
Key words: financial statement analysis; financial indicators; limitation; improvement
