摘要：涵化（acculturation）也称“文化适应”，指不同民族的互相接触引起原有文化模式的变化。Schumann 1978年提出的“涵化模式”认为：如果学习者和目的语的亲近感较弱，其语言习得水平就处于较低层次；反之，如果学习者与目的语语言、文化和人群保持 “融合”状态，就会获得较高的第二语言习得水平。跨文化交际指本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际，也指任何在语言和文化背景方面有差异的人们之间的交际。将英语专业学生在语言学习过程中的“涵化”程度和跨文化交际能力两方面结合，旨在发现对目标语的“融合”状态是如何影响其跨文化交际能力的，进而探讨如何充分发挥“涵化”对跨文化交际意识的促进作用，提高语言综合应用能力和专业素质。 关键词：涵化; “涵化”模式; 目标语; 跨文化交际; 跨文化交际意识;
Abstract: Acculturation, also known as "cultural adaptation", refers to changes of cultural patterns resulting from contact among different nations. "Acculturation Model" proposed by Schumann in 1978 holds that “weak sense of intimacy between one’s native culture and target culture results in lower target language proficiency while strong intimacy leads to higher proficiency. Cross cultural communication refers to activities carried out between native speakers and non-native speakers, and it also covers any interpersonal communication among people under different language and cultural backgrounds. By combining English-majors’ acculturation status and their cross-cultural communicative competence, it is hoped to explore how "acculturation" affects intercultural communicative competence and how to further its positive effect on intercultural communication, then to enhance students' cross cultural awareness and improve their professional qualities. Key words: acculturation; Acculturation Model; target language; cross-cultural communication competence; cross-cultural awareness
1 Social distance means the language learners` position to the target language or how could they are embraced and contacted in that procedure .Social distance is determined by a lot of complex factors . 1）Social dominance.In the different field including politics ,culture,technique or else ,learners share the equal place compared to target language .In some way ,one side is not superior to the other .On the other hand ,one part is as negative as the other part . 2）Integration pattern .Learners can choose to be assimilated by language or keep their own traditional life style and previous values .However sometimes they are willing to adjust to the new culture while follow their culture in their world 3）Enclosure. Enclosure is the extent of how the two parties isolated by schools ,classrooms even churches equipments.It also has high and low enclosure obviously . 4）Cohesiveness. Cohesiveness signifies that language learners are mainly based on their own regular field or beyond it .But the latter way has no cohesiveness 5）Size.The size of language learners would influence social distance in some respects naturally .Big group brings disadvantages to learners when they try to communicate with others closely when they can ask help for the target language team . 6）Cultural congruence.Cultural congruence shows an intuitive aspect about the differences and similarities between learners and target language .If they get more similarities,learners could more easily to acquire the language . 7）Group attitude .Attitude actually means learners` towards target language consisting of positive thoughts as well as negative .If language learners show friendly manner to the other one with voluntary heart to identify different life or values ,they could reach a high level . 8）Intended length of residence. The time which learners would like to spend in the target language country also has impacts on social distance .. In Schuman`s theory ,the social distance between the learner and the community is the main reason to restrict the degree of cultural adaptation and the second language acquisition. Because the various social factors that determine the social distance can affect the learner's motivation, attitude, and the quality, quantity, and the quality of the target language input.
With the deepening of China's opening to the outside world, the communication between China and the outside world has become more and more frequent. The problem of intercultural communication has been paid more and more attention by the foreign language and the whole society. And China is in the Chinese cultural environment in learning English, learners cannot as the natural language environment as naturally acquisition of a blend of the various cultural factors of a living language, in intercultural communication, learners vulnerable to the interference of native culture, lead to a communication failure. In this paper, how to influence the degree of acculturation of students made a preliminary study of intercultural communicative competence. |
