Abstract:In 1983, Thomas, a British linguist, came up with the conception of pragmatic failure firstly. After that, lots of linguists and researchers did some researches on pragmatic failures. However, most of them focused on the field of cross-cultural. In recent years, some researchers have studied the pragmatic failures in English writing, but most of them did the study from the perspectives of the pragmatic, Pragmatic Failure Theory and Relevance Theory. Few people did the researches on pragmatic failures from the perspective of Negative transfer of mother tongue, while there is a big negative influence of mother tongue on students’ English writing from Ellis's research. Ellis's research showed that 51% errors in students' English learning are caused by the interference of their mother tongue. Therefore, this paper made a research on pragmatic failures from the perspective of Negative transfer of mother tongue.
Writing samples and questionnaire are employed to do this research, and the errors from writing samples and questionnaire can be divided into four categories and thirteen species. The result of the research showed that the trace of Negative transfer of mother tongue in students' English writing is very obvious, and it is mainly manifested in four aspects: lexis, syntax, discourse and thought patterns. These four aspects of errors are analyzed in details in this paper.
At last, some suggestions on English writing for both teachers and students are provided to help students reduce and avoid the pragmatic failures in English writing. It will help the students avoid the negative function of their mother tongue in some extent and write English in a native way.
Keywords: the Theory of Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue; English writing; pragmatic failures; the sophomores in English major
摘要:自1983年英国语言学家Thomas提出语用失误这一概念后，国内外的许多学者都对语用失误进行了研究。目前大多数语言研究者对语用失误的研究主要集中于跨文化领域，而对于英语写作中的语用失误，大多数人都是从语用学、语用失误理论和关联理论进行研究，从母语负迁移的视角来研究者甚少。然而，母语负迁移在英语写作中有很大的影响，根据Ellis的研究，以汉语为母语的学生在学习英语中所犯的错误有51%来自母语的干扰。所以本文就从母语负迁移的视角来分析英语写作中的语用失误。
本研究采用收集写作样本和问卷的方法，将所收集到的写作样本和问卷中的错误分为四大类和十三种常见的错误进行分析。研究结果表明，在学生的英语写作中，存在着明显的母语负迁移的痕迹，主要表现在词汇，句法，语篇和思维方式四个方面。本文对这四个方面的错误的表现形式进行了详细的分析。
最后，作者分别从教师和学生的角度提出了一些减少和克服负迁移的建议。这就能在一定程度上帮助学生避免母语的负迁移作用，写出地道的英语。
关键词：母语负迁移理论；英语写作；语用失误；英语专业大二学生
