摘 要:汽车后桥是汽车的主要部件之一，其基本的功用是增大由传动轴或直接由变速 器传来的转矩，再将转矩分配给左右驱动车轮，并使左右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运 动所要求的差速功能。同时，驱动桥还要承受作用于路面和车架或承载车身之间的 铅垂力、纵向力，横向力及其力矩。其质量，性能的好坏直接影响整车的安全性， 经济性、舒适性、可靠性，而对于载重汽车显得尤为重要。
当采用大功率发动机输出大的转矩以满足目前载重汽车的快速、重载的高效率、 高效益的需要时，必须要搭配一个高效、可靠的驱动桥。所以采用传动效率高的单 级减速驱动桥已成为未来重载汽车的发展方向。本文参照东风牌乘龙 LZ1161LAP 车 型载货汽车进行了载重汽车驱动桥的设计。首先确定主要部件的结构型式；然后参 考类似驱动桥的结构，确定出总体设计方案；对主、从动锥齿轮，差速器圆锥行星 齿轮，半轴齿轮，全浮式半轴和整体式桥壳进行参数选择、计算和强度进行校核以 及对支承轴承进行了寿命校核。
通过本课题的研究，设计出适用于装置大马力发动机重型货车的单级驱动桥产 品，确保设计的重型载货汽车驱动桥经济、实用、安全、可靠。
关键词：重型载货汽车，驱动桥，主减速器，差速器
Abstract:Drive axle is one of the most important parts of automobile. The function is to increase the torque from drive shaft or from transmission directly, and then distribute it to left and right wheels which have the differential ability automobile needed when driving. And the drive axle has to support the vertical force, longitudinal force, horizontal force and their moments between road and frame or body. It’s quality and performance will affect the security, economic, comfortability and reliability.
Because using the big power engine with the big driving torque satisfied the need of high speed ， heavy-loaded, high efficiency, high benefit today heavy truck, must exploiting the high driven efficiency single reduction final drive axle is becoming the heavy truck developing tendency. This design following the Dongfeng Chenglong LZ1161LAP truck vehicle designing method of the drive axle. First, make up the main parts structure and the key designing parameters; thus reference to the similar driving axle structure, decide the entire designing project ; fanially check the strength of the axle drive bevel pinion, bevel gear wheel , the differentional planetary pinion, differential side gear, full-floating axle shaft and the banjo axle housing, and the life expection of carrier bearing. The designing take the spiral bevel gear for the tradional hypoid gear, as the gear type of heavy truck`s final drive, with the expection of the question being discussed, further .
Through the study of this topic, we can design the single drive axle devices that apply to the heavy truck with high-powered engine, and make sure the drive axle we design of heavy truck economic, practical, safe and reliable.
Keyword: Heavy truck, Drive axle, Final drive,Differential
