摘要：物流配送活动在按照配送计划的执行过程中，可能会遇到很多随机事件。其中的需求变动对配送计划初始方案的扰动影响最大，需求变动直接影响了车辆分配计划的制定，扰乱了初始方案的执行，降低了物流配送的效率，影响了客户满意度的提升，对公司的发展极为不利。
本文在对需求变动车辆调度干扰管理的国内外研究现状分析的基础上。首先，详细得分析了客户需求变动存在的各种情况，得出了对初始方案造成扰动的主要因素。其次，在明确干扰方案的主要目标的基础上，建立了初始模型和干扰模型，并利用节约里程法对模型进行求解。最后结合深圳市鑫金鹏物流公司的实例求解出初始配送方案和干扰方案，研究出了带有时间窗的节约里程如何解决需求变动对系统的扰动。
本文在解决客户需求变动的问题上采用的干扰管理局部优化法，克服了传统的优化方法事前性和全局优化的缺陷，利用改进的节约里程法解决了多目标模型整体规划，使得干扰方案对物流配送系统扰动最小。
关键词：物流配送 客户需求 干扰模型 节约里程法
ABSTRACT：Logistics and distribution activities in accordance with the distribution plan implementation process, may encounter a lot of random events. The change in demand maximum effect on distribution plan scheme of the disturbance, demand changes directly affect the development of the vehicle allocation plan, disrupted the initial plan, reduce the efficiency of logistics and distribution, influence to enhance customer satisfaction, for the company's development is extremely unfavorable.
An analysis of the present research based on the demand of vehicle scheduling interference management at home and abroad. First of all, a detailed analysis of the various existing customer demand changes, the main factors causing disturbance to the initial scheme. Secondly, based on a definite major purpose of interfering scheme, the initial model and interference model, and the model was solved by saving mileage. Finally, combined with the city of Shenzhen Xin Jinpeng logistics company examples solved initial distribution schemes and interference scheme, developed with time windows, saving mileage how to solve the demand disturbances on the system.
Interference management based on customer demand changes to solve problems with local optimization method, overcomes the defect of the traditional optimization methods in advance and global optimization, the saving algorithm improved to solve the multi-objective model of overall planning, making interference scheme of logistics distribution system with minimal perturbation.
Keywords:logistics distribution;customer requirements; the interference model;save mileage method
本课题针对物流配送车辆调度中客户需求变动的组合性干扰事件进行研究，干扰事件发生后，以满足时间窗为前提，最小化系统扰动，最小化物流配送成本，构建干扰管理模型，结合实际案例进行分析，求解干扰事件发生时快速生成系统扰动最小、费用最低的调整方案。可以为物流配送过程的实时调度工作提供决策支持，对物流企业或配送中心降低配送成本、提高服务水平具有重要的理论价值和实际应用价值。
