摘要:目前,我国工伤认定争议案件不断增多。而认定依据仅有《工伤认定办法》,虽然作过一些合理修改,但在工伤认定的申请时限、认定程序、认定标准等问题上的规定仍比较模糊,造成了自由裁量权过大、操作难等问题。为了最大限度地保护伤亡职工的合法权益,及时、有效地实现伤亡职工的权利救济,本文通过若干典型案例分析,以发现当前导致工伤认定争议产生的原因和工伤认定中存在的主要问题,并结合相关的理论和研究,对如何提高我国的工伤认定效率和减少工伤认定争议提出一些建议。
关键词:工伤认定 认定程序 举证责任 司法能动性
Abstract:At present, the cases of work-related injury certification increases unceasingly in our country. But identified that based on only "Injury on job to recognize Means". Although for some reasonable changes, some aspects are still relatively vague requirements, such as the application time limit which recognized at the injury on job, identification procedures, standards and other issues. That resulting in too much discretion, the operation is difficult and other issues. In order to maximize the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of victims, timely and effective implementation of the rights of victims of relief workers, a number of typical cases of this paper to find related injuries that caused the current controversy and injury causes major problems identified in, combined with relevant theory and research on how to improve our efficiency and reduce work related injuries identified some controversial proposals.
Key words: work-related injury certification characterization process burden of proof judicial activism
目前我国工伤认定争议案件不断增多,其中出现了不少突出的争议问题,2011年1月1日,国务院对工伤保险条例存在问题做出了一些修改,但实际操作中,仍然存在诸如认定程序、认定标准、认定时效、举证责任等问题。通过阅读大量相关文献资料,初步了解了目前国内学者对该问题的研究。从总体上说,目前基本还没有出现完善并深入的研究体系。为找出我国工伤认定争议案件中的主要问题,及时、有效地实现伤亡人员的权利救济,笔者搜集了部门案件资料,并从中选出若干典型案例。本课题通过对这些案例的分析及探究,发现主要问题存在于法律基础的薄弱。工伤认定的程序过于复杂,认定标准不够明确,申请时效不够合理,某些方面还存在着法律缺失,这些都需要立法的完善。另外司法部门也应合理利用自由裁量权,充分发挥司法能动性,保证审判公平公正。用人单位和职工也应增强法制观念,保护自身合法权益。这样,各方协调才能不断完善我国的工伤认定体系。