摘要:近年来，随着国际贸易和国际运输的发展，有关无单放货纠纷的案件不断增多，无单放货涉及诸多方面问题，本文主要从承运人在无单放货纠纷中的责任等问题进行探讨。对承运人在无单放货的责任承担，学术界存在诸多争议，主要原因在于对提单法律性质认识的不同。对无单放货纠纷的性质认定问题不能一概而论，因此本文从无单放货法律问题的价值、我国关于承运人无单放货的法律规制、承运人无单放货法律性质、承运人无单放货法律责任等的分析和探讨，进一步提出我国对无单放货立法以及实践的思考，希望为我国海商法的发展尽一份力量。
关键词：提单；无单放货；法律性质；法律责任
Abstract:In recent years，with the development of the international trade and the international transportation，the cases about goods delivery without bill of lading have kept increasing. This thesis mainly discusses the responsibilities of carrier in the dispute about goods delivery without bill of lading. Due to the different opinions upon the legal nature of bill of lading，many debates about the carrier's responsibilities of goods delivery without bill of lading exist in academic circle. The nature of the dispute of goods delivery without bill of lading，actually，should be decided from different points. So after talking about the legal regulations and legal nature of carrier's goods delivery without bill of lading in our country，the author further discusses the legislation and practice of goods delivery without bill of lading，hoping to make a contribution to the development of our maritime law.
Key words: bill of lading；delivery without bill of lading；legal nature；legal responsibility
随着航海技术和贸易的发展，提单应运而生，并逐步完善成现在的单证交易，承运人在目的港只能向提单持有人放货，提单也是收货人向承运人提货必不可少的凭证。依照国际贸易惯例，承运人应在收货人提交全套正本提单后交付货物。然而航运实务中，尤其是近洋运输中，提单往往比货物迟抵目的港，而收货人为生产急需或转售之需，只好采取凭副本提单或复印件加担保提货的权宜之计。有时由于提单被盗，或遗失或灭失也只得采取担保提货方式。收货人凭担保提货后，往往又因买卖合同方面的纠纷而拒付货款，卖方或者取得提单质押权的银行则从诉讼策略考虑，向承运人索赔，因此在航运实务中无单放货的现象非常普遍。本文通过对承运人无单放货法律问题的研究，进一步提出对我国的立法和司法实践进行调整和完善的建议，促进我国对外贸易产业的积极健康发展和公平合理的国际贸易新秩序的形成。
