摘要:无罪推定思想在雅典共和与古罗马共和时期萌发，我国《刑事诉讼法》引入了无罪推定的基本精神，但《刑事诉讼法》同时也规定了被告人、犯罪嫌疑人对侦查人员提出的与案件有关的问题有如实回答的义务。本文通过分析无罪推定原则与如实回答义务之间的矛盾，指出了如实回答义务对被告人、犯罪嫌疑人人权的侵害。提出随着我国民主程度的不断发展，我国应该废除如实回答义务，明确赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人沉默权、被告人自证其罪同时也应该建立和完善待审羁押的审查机制，以更好的保障人权的建议。
关键词：无罪推定原则；如实回答；自证其罪；人权保障
Abstract:The presumption of innocence in Athens and ancient Republic of Rome Republic of China during the period of germination," Criminal Procedure Law" introduced the basic principle of presumption of innocence, but the" Criminal Procedure Law" also stipulates that the defendants 、 criminal suspects have truthfully answer the investigators proposed in case of problems related to the obligation. In this paper, through the analysis of the principle of presumption of innocence and truthfully answer the contradiction between obligation, pointed out that the answer is not conducive to the protection of human rights obligations. Along with our country's democratic development degree unceasingly thorough, our country should abolish the duty of true answer, clearly not forcing the suspect 、 defendant self-incrimination should also establish and improve the pending custody review mechanism, in order to better safeguard of human rights.
Key words: The principle of presumption of innocence；The duty of true answer；Self-incrimination；The guarantee of human rights
无罪推定原则于18世纪资产阶级革命时期首次载入法典。1996年，我国修订后的刑事诉讼法吸收了无罪推定原则的基本精神，确立了疑罪从无的处理原则，从而结束了我国长期以来实行的“有罪推定”的历史。但由于我国经历了长达千年的“有罪推定”以及重口供轻证据的历史，我国刑事诉讼法第九十三条规定犯罪嫌疑人或被告人有如实回答的义务，这一义务与无罪推定的基本精神相矛盾。本文主要论述这一法定义务与无罪推定原则之间有着不可避免的矛盾，如实回答义务既违反了无罪推定原则的无罪假定前提，也在一定程度上妨碍了不强迫自证其罪规则的施行，从而极大的妨碍了我国法律对人权的保障。基于此，笔者提出刑事诉讼法应当废除如实回答义务、明确赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人沉默权，逐步建立沉默权制度的建议，以达到更好的保障被告人、犯罪嫌疑人的人权的效果。
