内容摘要：建设工程优先受偿权是我国保护建设工程合同承包人的利益，体现分配正义与利益平衡的一项制度。在国外，也有类似的立法规定。尽管在名称和具体制度设计上有所差异，但体现了相同的立法政策，都是法律对社会的一种回应。作为一种法定抵押权，建设工程优先受偿权的成立条件包括主体要件、客体要件和时间要件。它与一般抵押权的行使方式不同，已由一般抵押权的“对人诉讼”变为“对物诉讼”。在具体操作中，可以先通过审判程序或督促程序对该权利予以确认，也可以通过执行程序来直接实现。然而，由于法律自身的漏洞以及人为违法操作的存在，建设工程优先受偿权在司法实践中的适用并不十分理想。为此，通过建立建设工程优先受偿权预告登记制度来保障交易安全，减少交易中的摩擦；同时在破产程序中适用建设工程优先受偿权，使承包人优先受偿权的实现更高效、方便；此外，从源头和结果两个方面来防止因挪用预售房款而导致的建设工程优先受偿权的落空。
关键词：建设工程，优先受偿权，程序，登记
Abstract: The system of the priority of compensation in construction projects, which is made for protecting the interest of the contractor, embodies the distribution justice and the interest balance. There are the like laws in other countries as well. As a kind of response to society, they reflect the same legislative policies, although they differ in the name and the system design. The priority of compensation in construction projects is a type of legal mortgage. The main conditions of it include the subject factor, the object factor and the time factor. Different from the general mortgage, the exercise way of this priority has been transformed from the action in personam to the action in rem. In practice, the priority can be firstly confirmed through the judicial procedure and the dunning procedure, or directly realized through the executive procedure. However, with the loophole of the law itself and the illegal operation, the application of the priority in pracice is not so satisfying. The system of the advancing notice registration can be built to ensure the safety of transactions and reduce frictions. Besides, to apply the priority to the procedure of bankruptcy can make such relization more efficient. In addition, failures of prioriry of compensation in construction projects, caused by embezzling the fund of pre-saled building, can be avoided by taking the measures from the aspects of cause and result.
Key words: The priority of compensation, Construction projects, Procedure, Registration
