摘要：被称为“南戏之祖”的《琵琶记》堪奉为元代教化孝道戏剧的圭臬之作。它讲述的是中国封建社会里的一个普通家庭的孝道伦常故事。作者高明在《琵琶记》中一改前人对主人公蔡伯喈“弃亲背妇”形象的认识，塑造了“全忠全孝”的蔡伯喈，力图为蔡伯喈平反，宣扬忠孝节义。然而，当蔡伯喈完全依据伦理纲常准则去尽忠尽孝时，其父母却因为得不到儿子的赡养冻馁而死，使得蔡伯喈落入“不孝”的窘境。蔡伯喈的行为与其孝道愿望的矛盾冲突，究其根本，实际上就是伦理纲常本身的矛盾冲突，即“三纲”与“五常”自身的矛盾冲突。本文欲通过对蔡伯喈形象的分析，使人们了解封建社会的伦理纲常、了解封建伦理纲常与公众生活之间的矛盾以及其本身所具有的矛盾，并揭示出导致主人公“欲孝不能”而酿成“不孝”悲剧的潜在原因。
关键词：蔡伯喈；三纲五常；“全忠”；“全孝”
Abstract: “Pipa” that is called “ancestor of the southern opera” is esteemed the best famous work of drama that enlightens filial piety during the YuanDynasty. It narrates a piety story of a common family in the chinese feudal society. In “Pipa” the author Gao Ming changes the cognition of image that the hero Cai Bojie “ is a man abandoning his wife and family”,and molds the image of Cai Bojie into holding “entire loyalty entire piety”, tries hard to give him a right evaluation and publicize his loyality, filial piety and the moral outlook. However, when he acts loyalty and piety completely following and the five constant virtues criterion, his parents die actually because they cannot obtain son's support. That makes him fall into “unfilial” predicament. The behavior of Cai Bojie and his desire of filial piety is contradictorily conflict, in fact it is the contradictory conflict of the ethics themselves , that is to say ,it is the contradictory conflict of “three cardinal guides” and “the five constant virtues”. Through the analysis of Cai Bojie’s image, the article wants to make the people to understand the feudal society ethics three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues, the contradictory conflict feudal society ethics and the public life contradiction as well as the contradictory itself, and opens out the latent causes that leading to the tragedies of hero “to want to show the filial piety but not to be able” moreover to breed “unfilial” .
Key words: Cai Bojie,；three cardinal ethical relationships of the social order and the five constant virtues；“entire loyalty”；“entire piety”
