摘要:莫里哀的《伪君子》是古典主义的经典之作，它体现着古典主义的创作精髓。作品中莫里哀运用了古典主义的创作规则，对当时人们的美学价值观、社会思想和学术风潮给予了诠释。《伪君子》的出现，将古典主义文学风潮推向了顶峰，让喜剧的发展得到新的开拓。同时《伪君子》注重对现世针砭时弊的描写，作品在现实层面上对一些社会问题，进行了分析和剖析，让《伪君子》的创作融合了现实主义的手法。这种创新使古典主义戏剧向近代戏剧的演化更迈进了一步。同时它的对民间文学的吸收及改编，赋予了古典主义戏剧新的活力。
关键词： 古典主义特色 理性 仿古 现实主义戏剧 创新
Abstract:Moliere's Tartuffe is a very famous literature of Classicism. It was born in the classical period, in the era of influence, it showed the inherent characteristics of the classical era. It did not get bogged down in the influences of times, to the contrary, it reflected the innovation and development of modern significance even this influence was continued until today.
After reading Moliere’s Tartuffe, we can find the creation of the classical essence from its humorous script, which can also show the use of classical rules. At the same time, Tartuffe reflects the people’s value of rational aesthetics and symmetric aesthetics, which illuminates the social thought and academic agitation at that time. So Tartuffe is the model of classical literature.
For researching a literature, we should read it in detail besides reading through. Then we can find the description of Tartuffe has the means of finding or pointing out the mistakes, advising people to correct them. It not only stays in the level of literature, but also analyzes and satirize in the level of reality, even intentional exaggerated. So we can see the shadow of Realism in Tartuffe, which is an important step for the evolvement of classical theater to modern drama. Meanwhile, the fusion of folk literature in a drama inject new life into classical theater.
Key words: classical characteristics, modern drama, innovation
在古典主义的喜剧中，莫里哀是当之无愧的喜剧大师，他的作品有30多部，他的创作使古典主义喜剧在基于时代的基础上发展创新。他的喜剧笑料不再是滑稽的情节和俏皮话，而更多的是在幽默的基础上增添了让人反思的内容。在莫里哀的《伪君子》堪称经典。《伪君子》是一部非常独特的剧作，它不仅体现了喜剧讽刺与揭露的特点，还将现实的社会问题，用笑料的方式展现给大家，为喜剧的创作奠定了现实主义的方向。同时它加入很多法国的民间文化的因素。而且它还继承了古罗马、古希腊的戏剧特征，包括古典主义的理性价值及规则意识等内容。《伪君子》在一个特殊的时代产生，但却并没有受到时代的束缚，反而是将喜剧艺术提升到了与悲剧艺术相一致的地位。所以对莫里哀《伪君子》的研究并不能只停留在简单的特点表述，而是应深入到文章的句读中，才能准确的把握作品，体会到其中的文学内涵及魅力。
