[摘要]金圣叹的评点本《西厢记》在中古文学史上占据着重要的地位,不仅在清代传盛不衰,产生了重大影响,而且此后的《西厢记》也都以此本为定本。这与该评点本的最为突出的特征——“精切”的品评方式是密切相关的,本文就将以此为中心来展开研究,从“精切”品评的内涵、在金评本中的具体体现、形成这种品评方式的原因这三个方面进行讨论,从而从中发掘出金圣叹在品评中所特有的心理过程和思维方式。
[关键词]西厢记 金圣叹 精切 品评方式
[Abstract] Jin Shengtan ’s commentaries version of“The West Chamber”in the medieval literature occupies an important position not only had a significant impact and handed down uninterruptedly in the Qing Dynasty, and the later “The West Chamber”also put it as the definitiveedition. It’s closely related to The most prominent feature of “fine cut” evaluation method .This article will take this as a study center and discuss from these three aspects --- the meaning of the "fine cut" ,the reflect of the way in the book and the reasons for the formation of such evaluation methods ,meanwhile from which to explore his unique psychological processes and ways of thinking in the evaluation.
[Key words] West Chamber Jin Shengtan Fine cut Evaluation method
《西厢记》作于元代,自明“《西厢》热”以来,便评点蜂起,《西厢》版本的出版也达到了高潮。但自明末清初金圣叹批本《西厢记》出现之后,其他的版本便逐渐趋向沉寂。直到近代,吴樾还不无感慨地说:“今人只知有圣叹之《西厢》不知有毛西河之《西厢》。”(《茶香室续钞》)金批本之所以能在众批本中独占鳌头,其原因何在呢?笔者认为这与他深入细致的鉴赏及细密入微的评点特色有很大关系。有研究者指出“明清时代兴盛一时的评点之学,实际上是一种文学欣赏的形式,主旨在于审美鉴赏,其次才是文学批评。当然批评中有鉴赏,鉴赏中有批评,是审美鉴赏和文学批评之结合”。金批《西厢记》也正是如此。所以,为了更精确而又全面地描述“品”与“评”这两个方面所呈现出的特点,我撷取圣叹在《读<第六才子书西厢记>法》中所用的“精切”二字来对其加以概括并以此为中心进行探讨研究。