摘要:老舍是中国现代文学史上描写城市底层人物的伟大的现实主义作家之一,这些底层人物中最具代表性的有车夫、妓女、巡警等等。其中对于妓女形象的描写具有深刻的意义,历来受到人们的关注和探讨。老舍通过《月牙儿》中的“我”,《骆驼祥子》中的小福子,《微神》中的“她”等一系列的妓女形象,为我们展示了中国旧社会城市底层女性的悲惨命运,对封建伦理道德下的黑暗社会作出了强烈的批判。
[关键词] 老舍; 妓女形象; 社会批判
[Abstract] In modern literature history,Lao She is one of the greatest realist writers who describe the city ground floor characters. In these city ground floor characters, the cabbies, prostitutes, and patrol police are very representable. Among them, the description of prostitutes is quite meaningful, and has been the focus of people's attention and discussion.These prostitutes images in "Grescent Moon","Camel Xiangzi","wei shen" show us the tragic fate of old society women who live in the bottom of the city. Meanwhile,Lao She also show us the strong criticism to the dark society which is full of feudal ethics.
[Key words] Lao She; prostitutes image; social criticism
“妓女”,作为一类特殊的女性形象历来受到文人作家的青睐。从诗歌到戏剧再到小说,以妓女为题材的作品随处可见:白居易《琵琶行》中琵琶女人老珠黄,遭弃飘零的娼妓形象;《霍小玉传》中霍小玉欲攀高枝,强跃龙门的妓女形象;《李娃传》中李娃情感真挚,品格高尚的妓女形象等等,这些形象都有着各自独特的色彩以及深刻的历史意义。到了20世纪上半页,中国社会发生了翻天覆地的变化,资本主义的萌芽悄然产生,大量农民受到打压,无法生存,不仅仅是农民,一些贵族也随之破产,他们的妻女只能到城市沦落为妓女。这些妓女在城市底层中挣扎,却依旧无法改变自己的命运。在老舍的诸多作品中,我们都可以看到这一现象。