摘要:当前我国正处于社会转型期，各类公共危机频发，并呈现诱因复杂化、影响扩大化的趋势。单纯依赖政府作为单一主体进行公共危机治理，已无法达到良好的危机治理效果。为防范由公共危机治理不当而可能造成的危害，必须探索一条更有效的公共危机治理路径。伴随着公民社会的逐步兴起，非政府组织、企业、公民、媒体在近年来的公共危机治理实践中作为新兴主体开始发挥作用，并充分显现了其各自的治理特色与优势。然而，由于观念、制度、机制、能力等方面的制约，要真正实现公共危机多元协调共治，还面临不少现实问题亟待解决。本文针对这些问题，初步研究和探索解决问题的路径，旨在为我国开创以政府为主导、以非政府组织和企业为基础、以公民为后盾、以媒体为纽带的多元主体协调共治的公共危机治理新局面提供思路。
关键词：多元主体 共治 公共危机治理
Abstract:The current our country is in the social transition. All kinds of public crisis, and present cause frequent complicate and influence of extension of the trend .Relying solely on the government as a single entity public crisis management, already cannot achieve good crisis management effect. In order to prevent a series of public crisis management by improper dangers, we must explore a more effective public crisis management path. In recent years, with the rise of civil society, NGO, enterprises, citizens, the media as new subjects come into play in public crisis management practice, and fully displayed their respective management features and advantages. However, due to the concepts, systems, mechanisms, abilities restrictions to really achieve public crisis multiple coordinated co-government, still face a lot of realistic problems, this paper aiming at these problems, a preliminary study and explore the path to solve problems for our country, a government-led, nongovernmental organizations and enterprises as the basis, citizens as the backing, take the media as the link multiple subject of public crisis management coordination co-government new situation to provide ideas.
Key words: Multiple subjects, Co-government, Public crisis management
面对我国当前日益严峻的公共危机治理形势，多元主体协作共治已成为走出危机困境的必然的选择；伴随着改革开放的深入，政府职能转变的推进，公民社会的兴起，我国的公共危机治理确已呈现出多元主体协调共治的良好态势。各社会主体一方面主动汲取其他国家和地区应对公共危机的成功经验，另一方面积极探索适合我国国情的治理路径。在近年来的公共危机治理实践中，以政府为主导、以非政府组织和企业为基础、以公民为后盾、以媒体为纽带的多元主体协调共治的基本格局已经初步形成，对我国公共危机治理的进一步发展产生了积极而深远的影响。
由于观念落后、体制与机制缺陷、能力不足等因素的桎梏，当前我国公共危机的多元协调共治仍面临着重重困境。如何实现观念的更新、意识的培养，法律制度的规范、权责体系的构建，沟通机制的建立、激励与保障机制的完善，组织与人员能力的提升等等一系列问题亟待解决，而走出困境则不仅需要理论的探讨和突破，更需要全社会力量的共同推进。因而，要真正实现多元主体协调共治，共同应对公共危机，化解社会矛盾，维护社会公共利益，目前仍有许多理论和现实的问题有待解决，未来的中国公共危机多元共治仍任重而道远。
