摘 要:自二十世纪七十年代我国开始实行计划生育政策以来，出现了越来越多的独生子女家庭，正是由于独生子女父母们的自我牺牲才使得我国基本解决了“人口危机”。随着社会人口老龄化的不断发展，生活压力不断增加，独生子女父母们进入老年以后在身心、家庭、人际交往、养老保障等方面遇到各种各样的问题和困难。由于生活压力的冲击，子女们往往忽视老人的心理健康，子女的长期疏离致使很多老人感觉孤单，老人郁郁寡欢会严重影响身体健康。独生子女父母不同的人生观、世界观以及特殊的人生经历也会影响他们的人际交往，由于多种原因促使独生子女家庭的老年人比一般老年人更容易出现交往方面的问题和阻碍。由于传统养老观念的束缚，独生子女家庭父母获取的养老资源非常有限，独生子女能否成为父母年老时的依靠，就成为困扰许多独生子女家庭的最大隐忧。独生子女家庭中的老年人如何安享晚年必将成为社会和政府以及独生子女父母们高度关注的问题。本研究旨在通过分析现阶段我国独生子女家庭的老年人问题，包括老年人心理问题、社会交往问题、家庭照料问题以及养老保障问题，以社会工作的专业视角出发，从老年人自身、家庭、政府、社区、社会几方面提出建议和对策。
关键字：独生子女家庭 老年人 社会支持 社会工作
ABSTRACT:Since the 1970s, China began to implement the family planning policy, there have been a growing number of one-child families, because of the one-child parents self-sacrifice that makes our country basically solve the "population crisis." As society's growing aging population, the increasing pressure of life, after the one-child parents reach old age in mind, family, old-age security and other aspects encounter various problems and difficulties. For the one-child families, the increasing burden of pension, coupled with reform of social insurance is still in the exploratory stage, the old-age security for one-child families is undoubtedly a huge challenge. Because the impact of life stress, the elderly tend to ignore their children's mental health, child's long-term alienation resulting in many elderly people feel lonely, unhappy old man will seriously affect their health. The traditional concept of the shackles of old-age, one-child family pension parents get very limited resources can become a child to rely on their parents when they grow old, they become troubled biggest worry of many one-child families. How older child family in old age will become the society and the government as well as the one-child parents are highly concerned about the issue. This study aims to analyze the elderly stage of China's one-child families, including the elderly own problems, family problems, and old-age security questions to professional social work perspective, from the elderly themselves, their families, government, community, social several suggestions and countermeasures.
Keywords: one-child families; the elderly; social support; social work
