摘 要:目前在我国很大部分山区种植玉米的方式基本上是人工种植播种，利用机械播种的地方很少，大部分都是人工播种且费时费力。播种环节在农业生产中是很关键的一步，播种的质量将直接影响到玉米种子的生长，因而对玉米产量的影响很大。目前农业上广泛应用的播种机主要是以大型和小型拖拉机作为动力装置，其结构复杂，占用空间大，价格昂贵，灵活性差，超过农民朋友们的承受能力。
针对我国丘陵山区地形复杂，土地的形状大小不同，大型玉米播种施肥机不能适应丘陵山区的地形条件，本文提出一种小型玉米播种施肥机系统，该系统主要完成的功能有开沟、播种和施肥、覆土、填压等等功能。该系统主要的组成部分有动力源、开沟装置、行走轮、施肥和播种装置、种箱和肥箱、覆土装置、填压轮以及其它辅助部件等等。本文设计的玉米播种施肥机系统主要用于山区土质松软翻过土的平整田间播种。本文介绍了播种施肥机系统设计的基本组成部分以及各部件的形式、要求以及功用。详细介绍了利用电动机作为动力源的小型播种机动力装置及各部件要求，包括对玉米播种施肥机的动力选择、行走轮与排种装置之间的链传动的设计、排种排肥装置的设计、开沟器的选择、轴的设计、行走轮以及其它辅助部件设计。
关键词：玉米；播种和施肥机构；设计
ABSTRACT:At present in our country is very big part of the mountain area of corn is basically artificial planting seed, using mechanical sowing few places, most of them are artificial seeding and laborious. Planting link is a crucial step in the agricultural production, sown will directly affect the quality of the growth of maize seeds, and thus have great effect on maize yield. Is widely used in agricultural seeding machine are mainly large and small tractor as power unit, its big, expensive, flexibility, friends more than farmers bear ability.
Aiming at hilly terrain is complex, the shape of the land size is different, a large of corn fertilizing machine can not adapt to hilly terrain conditions, this paper proposes a small corn seeding machinery system, the system is mainly to complete the function has a furrowing and seeding and fertilizing, cover earth, filling pressure, etc. Function. Main part of the system power supply, trenching equipment, wheel, fertilizing and seeding apparatus, species and the fertilizer box, box and cover earth equipment, filling pressure wheel and other accessories and so on. Corn seeding machinery system designed by this paper is mainly used for mountain soil soft over soil flat planting field. Sowing machinery were introduced in this paper the basic part of system design and form, requirements and functions of each parts. Introduces in detail the use of motor as a power source small drill power devices and components, including the dynamic forces of corn seeding machinery selection, the wheel and the chain between metering device design, the row of kind of distributing device design, the choice of the opener and the design of the shaft, wheel and other accessories design.
Keywords：Corn；Sowing and fertilizer application；Design
