摘要:在全球经济一体化高度发展的背景下，企业竞争不仅局限于国内，更扩大到了世界范围。剧增的竞争压力也迫使企业开始向多元化、复杂化的趋势发展，这些变化趋势都导致了企业财务活动的复杂化进程。正是需要财务报表的分析过程，才能明确导致企业财务变化的因素，才能让决策者针对这些变化采取相应措施。
本文在对有关财务报表分析的基本概念等作了详细阐述解释之后，以济南钢铁股份有限公司2007-2011年的财务报表为例，运用了趋势分析、比率分析、图表分析以及杜邦分析等方法，对济钢资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表列示出的数据进行了详细分析。分析发现，济南钢铁的资本结构不大稳定，资产质量还急需提高，利润情况同样不容乐观，针对这些问题，济钢应该考虑及时收回货款，丰富筹资方式，对闲置资产进行有效盘活，最后努力提高销售毛利率，扭转企业处于行业劣势的局面。
关键词 工业企业；财务报表；分析研究；建议措施
Abstract:With the global economic integration highly developed, business competition is not limited to domestic, but worldwide. The sharp increase in the pressure of the competition is also forcing every company choose the more diverse and complex way to go. These trends led to the complex process of corporate finance activities. And it is the financial analysis, which can make these factors led to the changes clearly,and help decision-makers to take appropriate measures to these changes.
After explaining the basic concept of the financial statement analysis, the paper than focused on the analysis of Jinan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.'s financial statements from 2007 to 2011, with the help of trend analysis, ratio analysis, chart analysis and DuPont analysis, the data listed in balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement was analyzed thoroughly. After the analysis, we found that the capital structure of Jinan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. was not stable, the asset quality was in an urgent need to improve, and the profit situation as the same. Aimed to these troubles, the company should consider recovering the money timely, expanding ways of financing, making an inventory of idle assets, and in the end, Jinan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. need to improve the sales margins, in order to reverse the situation of disadvantage in the industry.
Keywords Industrial enterprises Financial Statements Analysis Proposed measures
本文以分析济南钢铁股份有限公司的财务报表为重点，在此之前，先对有关财务报表分析的基本概念等作了详细阐述解释，为后文奠定了理论基础。
在具体分析时，第一，先对资产负债表列示出的资产结构、负债及所有者权益结构进行分析，初步判断济钢整体资金结构的合理性，然后再据此分析济钢的偿债能力和营运能力；第二，从利润表反映出的收入费用结构判断公司整体经营情况，之后再据表分析出公司的盈利能力；第三，根据现金流量表，得出济钢现金流入流出之比，以此判断公司现金资本的流通情况，再结合上述两表，可对公司发展能力进行深入的研究。
在分析过程中，不难发现济钢在经营过程中存在的失误和问题，文章最后针对公司存在的问题，提出了相应的措施建议，旨在提高公司的经营管理能力，促进公司的进一步发展。
