摘要:欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威是美国著名的作家，被认为是20世纪最伟大的小说家之一。在他62年的生涯中写下了《太阳照常升起》、《永别了，武器》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》、《老人与海》等著名作品。海明威非常推崇硬汉精神，且总是在他的作品中体现出这种精神，这与他的人生经历和所处的时代背景、社会环境是离不开的。在本篇论文中，我首先分析了解了海明威所处的历史背景和社会环境以及他自身的经历，然后简单介绍他的代表作之一《老人与海》和其他的作品来了解他对硬汉精神的理解。最后，通过作品中对硬汉桑迪亚哥的语言、行为以及行动来详细分析《老人与海》这部作品中的硬汉形象。除了这些具象化的形象分析，我还在本文中通过分析这部作品的表达方式，比如作品中的文字、作品中的人物性格以及海明威在作品中传达的人可以被毁灭却不能被打败的硬汉精神来分析解读。总之，通过综合的形象分析和小说的写作手法来全面了解《老人与海》这部作品中的硬汉形象。 关键词：《老人与海》，硬汉精神，桑迪亚哥
Abstract:Hemingway was one of the most famous novelists in America in the 20th century. He created a series of works such as The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and The Sea and so on. Hemingway appreciates the spirit of code hero and always tries to express the spirit in his works. Every literal work’s creation will be more or less influenced by the historical background and social environment. In this essay, I prepare to take the analysis of historical background and social environment of Hemingway’s time as first step. Secondly, I analyze the code hero, Santiago, the hero of The Old Man and The Sea, his words and actions to support my point of tough-man culture. Finally, I make analysis of the writing skills used during the process of shaping the character of Santiago. In addition, I analyze the spirit of code hero by analyzing character’s inner world and writer’s writing style such as the characteristics of the code hero and the ideas expressed in the novel. In conclusion, we have a comprehensive analysis of the code hero in the work The Old Man and The Sea, which can help us to analyze the spirit of code hero more thoroughly, and have a further understanding of the tough-man culture in The Old Man and The Sea. Key words: The Old Man and the Sea the spirit of code hero Santiago
The Old Man and The Sea was published in 1952 and won Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. The novel is short but the theme of it has encouraged people from generation to generation. Ernest Miller Hemingway creates an artistic figure Santiago, a representative of code hero. Santiago is a poor fisherman who lives alone. He is too old and unable to get fish in a pretty long time of 84 days. And Santiago makes a decision to fish in high-seas to make a fortune. Luckily, he hooked a big marlin and fought with it for two days and two nights on the sea. Finally, he made a success of pulling the marlin fish to the seaside even though it was eaten by powerful sharks and skeleton left only. Santiago brought the skeleton home with a half-dead and exhausted body, falling deeply asleep in bed and starting dreams of his golden time. And his spirit of code hero expressed on this tough journey tells us that no one can be defeated no matter what difficulty we meet.I have a detailed analysis to the character-Santiago, letting people have a glimpse on the fisherman who has a great soul. Besides, a lot of researches at home and abroad to the code hero of Hemingway through the novel The Old Man and The Sea help me a lot. By comprehensive comparison, most scholars recognized Santiago as the best code hero with tough character, he is the person never lose“grace under pressure”. And Hemingway’s unique writing style plays an important role in shaping the character of Santiago. Literature is the reflection of society, so we should know more about the society which Hemingway describes in his works. There comes a big change between 1910s to 1930s all over the world, the World War burst out, which mainly happened to plunder of raw materials and markets. In the result of war, it brought the huge disaster to the Europeans and also the death of tens of thousands of Americans. The war has made a great change to the world not only the living environment but also the inner values of people at that time. In the First World War, Hemingway applied for army and he is a tiger in fight. He has seen the cruelty of war, experienced the sorrow of death and himself got injured in war for many times. When the war was over, he returned to his hometown with these badly scars on his body and also in his soul. The insignificance life and the helplessness in the war was deeply touched him, and this is a turning point of his thoroughly change on life and world values. Then he settled down in Paris and wrote some short novels in a feature which differs from other contemporary writers. Gradually, the works of Hemingway developed to a distinct style. The heroes in his works all has a spirit of undefeated soul and dare to face the tortures of life directly, only to express the inner voice of himself. By analyzing his work can we have a further understanding to the inner life of Hemingway. In this thesis, we choose the representative work of Hemingway The Old Man and The Sea. |
