摘要:中学生在电学概念的理解中存在着困难,主要有两方面的原因，即抽象概念的理解和以抽象概念为基础的逻辑推理。概念是推理和判断的基础，离开了基本的概念理解，正确的推理和判断就成了“无源之水，无本之木”。科学概念的掌握是学生应用电学知识解决问题的前提，因此了解学生对电学概念的掌握情况，他们在理解概念过程中所使用的方法和策略，以及他们对概念的理解存在的困难等，能帮助我们找到一条有效地改进传统教学的途径。文中提出了两种科学思维方法帮助学生提高学习和掌握概念的能力。借鉴国内外电学研究的方法和题型，设计了能够了解学生掌握基本电学概念现状的问卷，并通过调查问卷和实际临床访谈，了解学生在理解抽象概念时所用的策略和思考抽象概念时的思维特点及规律，发现学生面临的共同的困难和教学当中可能存在的问题和这两种思维方法对学生学习起到的作用。在此基础上，对物理教学、教材、和课程改革提出一些建议。
关键词：中学物理电学；理解策略；调查问卷；临床访谈；建议
ABSTRACT:Middle school students in electrical in understanding of the concept of the difficulties, there are two major reasons, namely the abstract concept of in an abstract concept and the basis of logic reasoning. Concept is the foundation of reasoning and judgment, leaving the basic concepts, the correct reasoning and judgment became "like, non-existent". Scientific concept of master is the student application electrical knowledge to solve the problems in the premise, so understanding of the concept of students to electrical masters, they understand the concept in process of the use of the method and strategy and on their understanding of the concept of the difficulties, etc, and it can help us find a effectively improve traditional teaching way. This paper put forward two scientific thinking method to help students improve the learning and ability to grasp the concept. Electricity from the domestic and foreign research methods and questions, the design can understand the students master the basic concept of electricity of the present situation of the questionnaire, and through the questionnaire and actual clinical access, understand a student in understanding abstract concepts in the use of the strategy and think about abstract concepts thinking characteristics and laws, found that students face the common difficulties and teaching of the possible problems and the two kinds of thinking method to study the role of students play. On the basis of physical teaching, the teaching material, put forward some Suggestions and curriculum reform.
Keywords: Middle school physics electrical；comprehension strategy；questionnaire；clinical interview；suggestion
