Abstract:Naturalism was first proposed and formulated by French novelist Emile Zola, and it was introduced to America by American novelist Frank Norris. Jack London (1876-1916) was generally regarded as a popular naturalistic writer in America during the late 1890s. The Call of the Wild is considered as one of London’s representative naturalistic novels, which helps London achieve international fame. This novel shows London’s naturalistic view that environment and heredity affects one’s personality deeply. To live and prosper, one has to adjust himself to the hostile environment in which all the moral standards are meaningless. This paper analyzes The Call of the Wild from the perspective of naturalism. The influence of the milieu and heredity, the concept of the survival of the fittest, and adaptation, as the keys to survive, are of overwhelming importance in The Call of the Wild. This paper mainly focuses on the impact of environment and heredity on Buck’s fate. With the changes of environment and the influence of heredity, Buck adapts himself to the tough environment and becomes the king of the nature from a dog of living a cozy life.
Key Words: Jack London; The Call of the Wild; Naturalism; environment; hereditary
摘要：首次提出自然主义理论的是法国小说家埃米尔·左拉，把它引进美国的是小说家诺里斯。杰克·伦敦(1876-1916) 被普遍认为是19世纪90年代一位非常受欢迎的美国自然主义作家。《野性的呼唤》被认为是伦敦最具有代表性的自然主义小说之一。它为伦敦赢得了国际声誉。这部作品显示了伦敦的自然观，环境跟遗传深深影响了一个人的性格。生存和繁荣，必须调整自己在敌对的环境中，所有的道德标准都是没有意义的。本文将从自然主义角度解析《野性的呼唤》。环境和遗传的影响、适者生存以及为了生存调整自身，这三种理念在《野性的呼唤》中显得至关重要。本文主要集中在遗传和环境对巴克命运的影响。由于环境的改变和遗传的影响，巴克适应了恶劣的环境，从一个过着舒适生活的狗转变为自然的主宰者。
关键词：杰克·伦敦；《野性的呼唤》；自然主义；环境；遗传
注：本文全文为英语所写的英语论文。只有摘要是中英语写的，全文为英文。
